Obtaining a personal digital signature. Electronic signature for individuals

An electronic digital signature is indispensable for making transactions at a distance. Without an electronic signature, it is impossible to determine whether an electronic document is genuine and complete. Only using an electronic digital signature can you register in an electronic auction and requests for quotes.

For whom to issue an electronic signature?

An electronic digital signature can be issued for any employee of your company. To do this, you only need to draw up a power of attorney giving him the appropriate powers.

However, if the issuance of an electronic signature is planned for submitting declarations to Rosalkogolregulirovanie, then the electronic signature certificate must be issued directly to the General Director of the company, or to the individual entrepreneur.

Who can use digital signature

Any employee of the enterprise authorized to do so on the basis of a power of attorney has the right to use an electronic digital signature. Moreover, the EDS certificate is issued exclusively to an individual who has the authority to obtain accreditation on the trading platform on behalf of a legal entity.

The most common case is when an electronic signature is issued to the General Director, but sometimes digital signatures are also issued to enterprise managers.

Cost and time frame for issuing an electronic signature:

Registration of digital signature includes the following services:

Preparation of a package of documentation for registration of digital signature;
Preparation of an application for digital signature;
Submitting an application for an electronic digital signature;
Installation of digital signature through a remote connection program;
Making appropriate settings in the browser to work with digital signature;
Registration of digital signature on the main electronic trading platforms;
Providing assistance when working with digital signatures and training in using an electronic digital signature.

Documents required for registration of digital signature

When ordering a turnkey EDS service, we fill out all the necessary documents, including an application for the production of an EDS with the company’s seal and a power of attorney for a representative of your company to receive a signature key certificate.

Obtaining an electronic signature will require you to provide:

Extracts from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities (the extract is valid for no later than one month);
Copies of the authorized person’s passport, certified by the seal and signature of the manager;
Copies of the order (minutes of the shareholders' meeting) on the appointment of the head of the organization, certified by the seal and signature of the head;
Company details;
Other documents may be required to fully identify the user of the Certification Authority.

Renewal (replacement of digital signature)

Do you need an EDS? Do you want to know how to create an electronic signature for government services? Where and how to get it, saving time on searching for the necessary information? Read a simple and understandable description in which we will tell you how to solve these problems without making mistakes.

Note: There is an opinion that to access your personal account on the government services portal, a key (EDS) is required. This is not entirely true. The attribute (flash drive) is necessary for legal entities, i.e. for individual entrepreneurs, LLCs and other commercial organizations. Individuals only need to pass authorization. Standard registration (receiving an activation code by E-mail) expands access to services and creates a simple electronic signature.

Explanation of abbreviations in the text:

EDS (EDS) – Electronic Digital Signature;
CA – Certification Authority;
NEP – Unqualified Electronic Signature;
CEP – Qualified Electronic Signature;
UEC – Universal Electronic Card;
SNILS – pension insurance certificate (green plastic card);
FTS – Federal Tax Service.

Types of electronic signature

There are three types of EP. The most common one, which we often use, does not have the same levels of information protection as the other two - Enhanced. They differ in status and their scope is not the same. Let's look at their differences:

Simple electronic signature requires the use of a login and password. When accessing services, to confirm the operation, a one-time code may be requested, sent via CMS message or email. We often encounter such types of identification. To do this, you do not need to contact specialized centers.
Strengthened unqualified signature– this attribute not only identifies the sender, but also records changes to the signed document. They receive the UNP from the certification center. The scope of the NEP is limited. State and municipal documents containing secrets cannot be signed with it.
Reinforced qualified electronic signature has the highest degree of protection at the legislative level. Electronic documents are equivalent to paper ones with all the attributes of approval and have the same legal force. The certificate, which is issued along with the key, contains information on its verification. To carry out legally significant transactions, it is necessary to use this key (signature).

To make it easier to distinguish them from each other, let’s draw an analogy with clear paper attributes of personal identification:

a simple electronic signature is equivalent to a badge, if others have used the PC (phone), you are responsible for the consequences;
unqualified EP– it's like a pass in an organization where there is an element of trust between the parties;
qualified EP– passport, gives the right to use all services, is the most significant element of personal identification in legal transactions.

Note:Decide for yourself what type of signature you need, but a qualified electronic signature covers all services provided on the Unified Portal, of which there are slightly less than a thousand. Therefore, further we will talk about its creation and receipt.

Where do you get an electronic signature?

To access all portal services, you must have an enhanced qualified signature. This can be done before registration or after. The second option is preferable, because you will be convinced that digital signature is really necessary for government services.

What needs to be done on the site?

Obtain information about Accredited Certification Centers.
Choose one available to you.
Inquire about the level of service provided and prices for services.
Submit your application.

Note:Some CAs offer the opportunity to undergo training on using electronic signatures, conducting tenders, working with various document extensions, etc.

On the government services portal, you can submit an application to receive an electronic signature in the center you choose. It is possible to first contact the CA and then register using your existing electronic signature (for legal entities this is a prerequisite).

Note:Regardless of the option chosen– You must obtain a qualified electronic signature from the Certification Center. Depending on the degree of secrecy of legally significant transactions, the type of digital signature is selected.

How to create an application for an electronic digital signature for government services?

Let me make a reservation right away: the process of issuing electronic signature keys to both legal entities and individuals is constantly undergoing changes. For example, the widely advertised Rostelecom CA does not work for technical reasons.

The project to obtain a key for free using UEC has been suspended. Perhaps by the time the article is published the situation will change for the better. The question arises: how to create an electronic signature for government services now?

Programs required for electronic operation

For ES attributes to work, you need to install several programs. You can do this yourself. You will need a crypto provider Vipnet CSP and one of two programs for verifying the signature: CryptoARM or Vipnet CryptoFile.

CryptoPro EDS Browser plug-in

If digital signature does not work in some programs, for example, Office or Banking systems, install CryptoPro EDSBrowser plug— in. the possibilities for using and verifying signatures will expand. Or... For the government services website, download the plugin, which is automatically detected on the page: ds-plugin.gosuslugi.ru/plugin/upload/Index.spr

Note:The key is valid for 13 months, so don’t miss out on updating your data. The flash drive is guaranteed for a year– it is also better to replace it. The CA will tell you how to do this in your personal account yourself.

How to get an electronic signature for government services for free?

It is impossible to purchase a qualified electronic signature, which requires a visit to a CA, for free. This mostly applies to legal entities. Individuals can obtain broader powers by registering on the government services website using SNILS.

To understand the need for a particular account, study the information on the page gosuslugi.ru/help/faq#q.

Note: When asked how to get an electronic signature for government services for free, we answer: unfortunately, not at all. You can expand your powers for free, but you have to pay for a digital signature for government services in the form of a flash drive - an electronic token. The price depends on the functionality of the key and the prices of the CA.

EDS verification for government services

To make sure that the digital signature you purchased from the CA is working, go to gosuslugi.ru/pgu/eds. Check the certificate and file handling. This will not cause any difficulties - everything is simple there. As a result, you will receive electronic signature data and a message: Document authenticity confirmed.

Is the electronic signature suitable for other resources?

Unfortunately, the electronic signature key for government services will not be valid, for example, for the Federal Tax Service portal. For tax authorities, a different type of (non-)qualified signature is required. It must contain the TIN data, and sometimes the registered powers of the legal entity. Therefore, for different needs you need to purchase separate keys. This is inconvenient, but they haven’t made a universal type of signature yet.

In the process of doing business, business entities have to organize document flow. Every day, each business transaction must be recorded in the appropriate accounting registers. Based on systematized data, tax and accounting reports are subsequently generated, which are submitted to the Federal Tax Service, extra-budgetary funds, and Rosstat. In recent years, representatives of large, small and medium-sized businesses have begun to actively abandon paper document management. To sign and send forms and reports created via PC, an electronic signature is required for legal entities, which completely replaces the signature of the management.

What is digital signature

An electronic digital signature should be considered as certain computer data that can certify the authorship/ownership of specific files. Business entities use digital signatures to certify accounting, primary, accounting and tax documents. Also, such a signature can be placed on any type of forms, and indicate that no changes were made to them after signing.

The procedure for receipt and application by business entities is regulated by Federal Law No. 63, as well as other regulatory legal acts, in particular the Tax Code of the Russian Federation. After registration, the digital signature can be checked for authenticity on special sites, for example on the State Services portal in accordance with GOST R34.10-2012.

Federal legislation imposes different requirements on digital signatures, the most important of which is the presence of a stable “imprint”. In this case, it is worth considering the sequence of computer data that is attached to files during the certification process. Thanks to the stability of the “imprint,” the possibility of unauthorized signing of documentation instead of the business entity that owns the digital signature is eliminated.

In the process of creating an electronic digital signature for an individual entrepreneur or a legal entity, a certification center specialist must provide it with reliable encryption. The most resistant to decryption attempts is a strengthened qualified digital signature.

Types of signatures

Federal legislation, in particular No. 63-FZ, defines three types of EPC:

Simple. With their help, individuals (employees of individual entrepreneurs or organizations) certify the fact of signing specific documents. Simple ones have minimal resistance to decryption. An example of such a signature is a password received in an SMS message, which is a numeric, numeric, numeric/numeric combination.
Reinforced. Such signatures are more resistant to decryption, since they represent computer data that is not intended to be read.
Reinforced (qualified). Such digital signatures guarantee the maximum level of resistance to decryption. They must fully comply with GOST R34.10-2012. The procedure for using enhanced qualified signatures may be regulated by separate regulations. Business entities are required to use only such digital signatures to send reports and correspondence to regulatory authorities via the Internet. At the same time, it is not customary to use them to certify internal, primary documentation, as well as in the process of exchanging data with counterparties.

Business entities that plan to use enhanced digital signatures in their work must have the appropriate certificates issued by certification centers.

Why do you need an electronic signature for a legal entity? persons

Legal entities of any form of ownership can use electronic digital signatures in the process of doing business. Most often they are used in the following areas:

When conducting various banking operations, for example for money transfers. A client of a financial institution can receive printouts via personal email about the use of his signature.
To participate in arbitration processes, for example in bankruptcy.
Very often, business entities carrying out export-import operations issue digital signatures for customs.
To receive services on the State Services portal, on which almost all functions require an enhanced qualified digital signature.
To maintain electronic document management, send reports and correspondence to the Federal Tax Service, Rosstat, and extra-budgetary funds.
For participation in . For example, if a legal entity plans to take part in an electronic auction, then an electronic signature is required to register on any of the available trading platforms. Using a digital signature, participants sign contracts, create applications, and file complaints.
When patenting inventions at the office. FIPS website.
In the process of obtaining the status of a business entity via the Internet, you can submit an application and documentation certified with an electronic signature.

How to get

The procedure for obtaining an electronic signature by a legal entity is quite simple and involves several stages:

Initially, a certification center is selected, for example, “Kontur”, which must have accreditation confirmed by a certificate. The list is presented on the official website of the Ministry of Communications: http://minsvyaz.ru/ru/activity/govservices/certification_authority/
An application is submitted either during a personal visit to the office or online at the office. website of the certification center.
The legal entity is issued an invoice, which must be paid before the generation of an enhanced qualified digital signature begins.
The client submits a package of documentation to the office of the certification center and encloses a payment receipt confirming the fact of payment for services. The director must present a civil passport, an application, a copy of the order of appointment to a managerial position, statutory documentation, a copy of his SNILS card and TIN.
An agreement is signed between the legal entity and the CA.
The company representative is given software, documentation, a certificate and recorded on a special medium.

Federal Law No. 63 does not prohibit issuing an electronic signature directly to a legal entity acting as an independent subject of legal relations. In such a situation, the signature will be analogous to the company’s wet seal. But, in practice, most often digital signatures are issued for employees of organizations holding senior positions, for example, directors, chief accountants. After this, the individual is vested with powers related to the further use of the digital signature.

If the signature will be received by an employee of the organization who is not a manager, then the following rules must be observed:

The director issues an order that determines the employee responsible for working with digital signatures.
A power of attorney is issued in the name of the authorized employee, which is attached along with a copy of the order to the package of documents requested by certification centers.
An application is made to the CA and the standard procedure for obtaining an electronic signature is carried out.

Attention! In accordance with Federal Law No. 63 regulations, an employee authorized by the director is required to ensure the confidentiality of all software tools. No one should use an electronic signature without his consent; only on the basis of local regulations can an electronic signature be transferred to other employees of the enterprise.

How to obtain an electronic signature for a legal entity. persons differs from receiving physical. face

The procedure for issuing electronic digital signatures for individuals and business entities has a number of differences:

cost of services for individuals persons are much shorter;
the certification center requests more documents from business entities;
as a rule, individuals more often use simple digital signatures, which come to them in the form of digital or numerical combinations in SMS or email messages;
To send reports and correspondence to regulatory authorities, business entities can only use enhanced qualified signatures that fully comply with GOSTs and Federal Laws.

How to obtain an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities using an electronic signature

To get a complete picture of a specific business entity, you need to carefully study its extract from the Unified State Register. This document contains all the important information:

full and abbreviated name;
date of state registration/all changes that occurred;
assigned codes;
management data;
types of activities, etc.

Currently, an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities with digital signature can be ordered online. To do this, go to the official website nalog.ru or the Gosuslugi portal. After authorization (the user must have a personal account, otherwise he will have to register), in the appropriate section you need to find a special application form, in which you will have to enter some personal data. After generation, the system will send an electronic statement form to the specified address, which should be downloaded to a PC and printed.

To receive an extract with an electronic signature, a business entity must use the service “Providing information from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs/Unified State Register of Legal Entities... in the form of an electronic document.” It can be found at the office. website of the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation, in the appropriate section. The completed electronic statement will have the same validity as a paper document. It will be signed with an electronic digital signature belonging to a tax official and certified with the seal of the Federal Tax Service.

In contact with

Electronic digital signature is an electronic signature that was obtained through an encrypted change to a data set that is logically attached to the set and makes it possible to identify the subscriber.

EPC users have a number of advantages:

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You can, using the Internet, make important appeals to virtual government departments and certain government bodies;
surf the Internet and receive all the necessary government services;
find and select the best prices for goods and services in electronic stores, tenders and auctions.

There are several types of EP:

single;
multiple.

A single signature is most often used for simple signing of electronic documents and other similar papers.

Multiple signatures are used where several signatures are needed at once - invoices, acts, contracts.

An electronic digital signature solves several problems at once:

Subscriber identification.
Document protection (thanks to its cryptography).
The signatory has no right to renounce his duties.

ES keys

Upon receipt of an electronic digital signature, the center that verifies the identity of the signatory issues special digital signature keys.

The electronic signature consists of two keys:

closed;
open.

Private key– This is a private key that only the owner knows. It is intended for signing documents itself.

Public key– this is a special verification key. This key can be seen by all parties to the contract; it is intended to verify the authenticity of the subscriber's electronic signature.

ES Certificate

The file that confirms the authenticity of the keys is the ES key certificate. This document can be in paper or electronic form. The certificate contains the public key and, directly, data about the owner of the signature, as well as the necessary data about the center that issued the key. This certificate can be considered an identity document of a document flow participant.

An electronic digital signature is encoded only if there is an electronic signature certificate. Moreover, the certificates must be valid for all parties to the agreement.

This certificate is issued for a period of one year. After this time, it becomes invalid and the signature loses its authenticity. For further work with documents, the certificate must be renewed.

Also, it is very important to remember that with any changes in the organization (change of name, owner, etc.), the signing certificate must be updated.

Electronic signature tools are encryption tools that are used to perform certain functions:

creation of electronic signature;
electronic signature verification;
creating an ES key;
checking the ES key.

How to make an electronic signature

The operation of obtaining an electronic signature is quite simple. First, you need to find a good certification center.

applicant's passport (original);
charter of the organization (certified copy);
order on the appointment of a manager (certified copy);
confirmation of payment for services for obtaining digital signature.

This is a list of documents for organizations and legal entities. Also, there is one caveat. If an electronic signature is necessary for use within one organization, then there is no need to contact a certification center.

Having the necessary software, you can organize your own certification center, however, this electronic signature will be valid only within this organization.

Digital signature for individuals

Document flow in electronic format is becoming increasingly popular. More and more companies, enterprises and legal entities are resorting to electronic agreements and contracts. However, the electronic signature service is becoming no less popular among the common population. After all, I’m so tired of standing in a huge line to put the coveted signature.

There are two signature options for individuals:

qualified;
unskilled.

Unqualified signature- This is the simplest option that can be created at home. For this purpose, special encryption programs are used. This digital signature can be used among friends or at one enterprise, since this signature does not have any special legal force.

Qualified Signature- this is a signature that was obtained in a special accredited institution, has full legal force and can be used in courts and other government agencies. Only a qualified signature can completely replace a traditional one.

For individuals, the procedure for obtaining an electronic signature and a list of required documents is much simpler. An individual needs an original passport and confirmation of payment for services. Having these documents, you can obtain an electronic signature.

Digital signature for individuals public services

In order for citizens of the Russian Federation to use an electronic signature to sign certain government papers, the government has created two systems:

ESIA is a telecommunications network through which individuals can obtain some municipal and state information.
EPGU– portal of public services in Russia.

For ESIA, a regular electronic signature is sufficient; with its help, you can receive minor reference services in electronic form. And for the EPGU, a qualified electronic signature is required, since, with the help of the EPGU, significant legal transactions can be carried out.

Government services that become more accessible and easier for individuals who have an electronic signature:

re-obtaining a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
obtaining a TIN;
obtaining a foreign passport;
opening a private enterprise;
registration at place of residence;
obtaining certificates of traffic police fines;
vehicle registration;
obtaining information about an account with the Russian Pension Fund.

How and where to get an electronic signature

To obtain an electronic digital signature, you must contact the certification center with a ready-made package of documents and completed forms. Also, to obtain an electronic digital signature, you need to take with you a flash drive or disk on which the private part of the key will be written, which only the owner of the key will know.

The whole procedure consists of the following points:

Contacting the center for certificates and keys (having all the necessary documents, this procedure will take no more than half an hour).
For each signature you need to choose a password; it is best to make simple passwords, because they cannot be changed and if you lose the password, you will have to re-create all the keys.
Fill out the necessary forms to obtain a public key, regenerate the private key, download the necessary files.
Submit all documents, create passwords.
Obtain a certificate for digital signature keys.

There are many special certification centers that offer services for obtaining digital signatures. All these offices are different, and the procedure for obtaining an electronic signature may be individual. Some companies use the internet extensively so their customers don't even have to leave their home, while others stick to more traditional methods. It depends on the choice of certification authority.

EDS price

Registration of an electronic digital signature is a labor-intensive process, and not cheap. Prices for EPC vary and depend only on the certification center. The price for an electronic signature ranges from 2,000 to 10,000 rubles. It all depends on how much the client is willing to spend on obtaining an electronic signature.

However, this procedure is gaining momentum in popularity. And soon, a specific reduction in prices for this service is planned. Because it becomes extremely convenient and necessary in everyday life.

EPC for individuals is free

EPC for individuals cannot be obtained for free. In any case, this service is paid, the only thing you can do is find an organization with cheaper prices.

Potential and development of digital signature in the Russian Federation

Of course, an electronic digital signature is a very useful and necessary thing. However, this does not mean that all citizens, without exception, should acquire an electronic signature.

There are many important operations and services that can easily be done without an electronic signature, for example:

Local government bodies, as well as executive authorities, consider all applications received by email.
Many online stores operate without prepayment and easily ship their goods.
Electronic reception offices of deputies and other political figures continue to be active.
There is identity verification using SMS messages and PIN codes.

Of course, in our country, the rate of hooliganism and fraudulent activity is growing every year, which leads to more and more organizations switching to the use of digital signatures. And over time, after 5-10 years, the whole country will switch to using electronic signatures. Which will significantly reduce fraud and hooliganism. Therefore, electronic signature has prospects in Russia.