Rules of conduct for art. shelling and bombing of residential areas
The general rules when starting shelling or bombing are as follows.
On the street
If you hear the whistle of a shell (it looks more like a rustle), and after 2-3 seconds an explosion, immediately fall to the ground. Don't panic: just the fact that you hear the sound of the flight itself means that the projectile flew far enough from you, and those seconds before the explosion only confirmed a fairly safe distance. However, the next projectile will fly closer to you, so instead of complacency, quickly and carefully look around: where can you hide more reliably?
If there is any ledge (even a sidewalk, a curb - then next to it), a ditch, any ledge or depression in the ground - take advantage of this natural protection. If there is some kind of concrete structure nearby, lie down next to it.
You need to lie down to reduce the chance of getting hit by fragments. None of this will help if there is a direct hit, but it will reduce the chances of a shrapnel wound. The fragments fly upward and tangentially. If a person is standing - more chances to be in their way rather than if it lies.
In city transport
If the first explosions caught you on the road in your own car, do not expect that in your car you will be able to quickly escape from the shelling: you will never know in which direction the fire will move, and whether shelling, say, from mortars, will begin next. Additionally, your car's gas tank adds a dangerous risk of getting burned. Therefore, again: stop the car immediately and quickly look for shelter.
If shelling catches you in a minibus, trolleybus or tram, you should immediately stop the vehicle, run away from the road in the direction “away from buildings and structures” and lie down on the ground. Look around and look for more reliable shelter nearby. You should run across in short, quick bursts immediately after the next explosion.
Not near a car (bus, trolleybus, etc.)! If they hit you, it will hit the car first, and if it hits it, it will explode along with the person. You need to get out, preferably from the side opposite from the shelling, and crawl further away, then lie down.
Not suitable for shelter:
— entrances of any buildings, even small attached structures. From multi-storey / apartment buildings In general, you should run back at least 30-50 meters;
— places under different equipment (say, under a truck or under a bus);
- ordinary housing office basements of houses. They are completely unsuited for shelter during air raids or rocket and artillery attacks (we are talking about weak ceilings, lack of emergency exits, ventilation, etc.).
There is a high risk of ending up under massive rubble. Cluttering such basements entails the risk of instant fire or smoke.
You should never hide outside under the walls of modern buildings! The current concrete “boxes” do not have the slightest margin of safety and easily crumble (or “collapse”) not only from a direct hit, but even from a strong blast wave: there is a high risk of landslides and rubble. You also cannot hide under the walls of offices and shops: a lot of glass will fall from above from the blast wave; this is no less dangerous than metal shell fragments.
Sometimes people instinctively hide among any stacks, in places filled with containers, filled with boxes, building materials, etc. (a subconscious reflex comes into play: hide so as not to see anything).
This mistake is dangerous because there may be flammable objects and substances around you: there is a risk of being caught in a sudden fire.
Sometimes people jumped into a river, pond, fountain, etc. out of fear. The explosion of a bomb or shell in water, even at a considerable distance, is very dangerous: strong water hammer and, as a result, severe concussion.
You can hide in the following places:
- in a specially equipped bomb shelter (if you're lucky). What distinguishes a real bomb shelter from an ordinary housing office basement is a thick, reliable ceiling overhead, a ventilation system, and the presence of two (or more) exits to the surface;
— in the underground passage;
— in the subway (ideal);
- in any ditch, trench or hole;
— in a wide drainage pipe under the road (do not go too deep, maximum 3-4 meters);
— along a high curb or fence foundation;
- in a very deep basement under capital houses of old buildings (it is desirable that it have 2 exits); — In an underground vegetable storehouse, silo, etc.;
— in the inspection hole of an open (in the air) garage or service station;
- in the sewer hatches near your house, this is a very good hiding place (but are you strong enough to quickly open a heavy piece of iron? It is also important that it is a sewer or water supply - in no case a gas main!)
- in “crater” holes left from previous shelling or air raids.
In the worst case scenario - when there is no cover in sight where you can run across in one quick dash - just lie down on the ground and lie with your head in your hands! The vast majority of shells and bombs explode in the top layer of soil or asphalt, so fragments at the moment of explosion scatter at a height of at least 30-50 cm above the surface.
So, general rule: your shelter should be at least minimally deep and, at the same time, should be located away from structures that could collapse on you from above in a direct hit, or could catch fire. Ideal protection is provided by a trench or ditch (similar to a trench) 1-2 meters deep, in an open place.
Hiding in a shelter, lie down and clasp your head in your hands. Open your mouth slightly - this will protect you from concussion if a shell or bomb explodes nearby.
Do not panic. Keep your psyche busy with something. You can count the explosions: know that after a maximum of the 100th explosion, the shelling will definitely end. You can try to mentally count the minutes.
First of all, it's distracting. Secondly, this way you can navigate the situation: artillery shelling does not last forever, a maximum of twenty minutes; air raid - significantly less. Nowadays there are no long bombings; large groups of bombers are not used.
In the house
If the house has a basement, go down to the basement.
If there is no basement, go down to the lower floors. The lower the better. Ideally, everyone should go to the first floor.
Find the innermost room in advance, the more concrete around, the better (find load-bearing walls), if all the rooms are external, go to the landing.
Under no circumstances should you stand in front of windows!
If you know which side the shelling is coming from, then choose the most remote room on the opposite side.
In the place that will be chosen, sit on the floor near the wall - the lower a person is when a shell hits, the greater the chance that he will not be caught by a fragment. Again, not in front of the windows. The windows can be equipped with sofa cushions (large, dense, but better with sandbags), covered with massive furniture, but not empty (stuffed with sandbags or things, but tightly). This is better than unprotected windows and glass.
In the cellar
Cellar in private houses - take into account that it can be filled up! Therefore, leave a large, conspicuous poster in the house in a visible place: “during the bombing we are in the cellar” and indicate where the cellar is located.
Take phones, battery-powered radios, water with you.
Don't panic. I know it's cliché, but it's important.
After the end of the shelling (bombing)
When leaving a place of refuge, do not let yourself relax. Now all your attention should be concentrated at your feet! Do not pick up any objects that are unfamiliar to you from the ground: an aerial bomb, missile or shell could be a cluster shell!
Combat elements often burst when dropped, but can explode later, in the hands - from the slightest movement or touch. All attention to children and teenagers: don’t let them lift anything from under their feet!
The greatest losses in the Yugoslav conflict were at the very beginning of the war among civilians, which fighting caught at lightning speed: lack of preparation and compliance with basic rules is a huge danger that can be avoided.
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If you hear the whistle of a shell (it looks more like a rustle), and after 2-3 seconds an explosion, immediately fall to the ground. Don't panic: just the fact that you hear the sound of the flight itself means that the projectile flew far enough from you, and those seconds before the explosion only confirmed a fairly safe distance. However, there is always a chance that the next projectile will fly closer to you, so quickly and carefully look around: where you can hide more reliably
If there is any ledge, ditch, any protrusion or depression in the ground, take advantage of this natural protection. If there is some concrete structure nearby, lie down next to it
It is necessary to take a lying position in order to reduce the chance of being hit by fragments. The fragments fly upward and tangentially. If a person is standing, there is a greater chance of being in their way than in a lying position.
In transport
If the first explosions catch you on the road in a car: stop the car immediately and quickly seek shelter. Do not expect that you will be able to quickly escape from shelling in a car: you never know in which direction the fire will move, and whether shelling, say, from mortars, will begin next. Additionally, your car's gas tank adds risk.
If shelling catches you in a minibus, trolleybus or tram, you should be asked to immediately stop the vehicle, run away from the road in the direction opposite to the shelling in the direction “away from buildings and structures” and lie down on the ground. Look around and look for more reliable shelter nearby. You should run across or crawl away in short, quick bursts immediately after the next explosion.
Not suitable for shelter:
- Entrances of any buildings, even small attached structures. In general, you should run at least 30-50 meters away from multi-storey/apartment buildings, as there is a high risk of ending up under massive rubble. Cluttering the basements of such buildings entails the risk of instant fire or smoke.
- Various equipment (you can’t hide, say, under a truck or a bus);
- Outside under the walls of modern buildings. The current concrete “boxes” do not have the slightest margin of safety and easily crumble (or “fold”) not only from a direct hit, but even from a strong blast wave: there is a high risk of landslides and rubble.
- You cannot hide under the walls of offices and shops: a lot of glass will fall from above from the blast wave; this is no less dangerous than metal shell fragments.
- Sometimes people instinctively hide among any stacks, in places filled with containers, filled with boxes, building materials, etc. (a subconscious reflex comes into play: hide so as not to see anything). This mistake is dangerous because there may be flammable objects and substances around you: there is a risk of being caught in a sudden fire.
- Sometimes people jump into a river, pond, fountain, etc. out of fear. The explosion of a bomb or shell in water, even at a considerable distance, is very dangerous due to strong water hammer, which can lead to severe concussion.
Suitable for shelter:
- specially equipped bomb shelters. What distinguishes a real bomb shelter from an ordinary basement is its thick, reliable ceiling overhead, a ventilation system, and the presence of two (or more) exits to the surface
- underground passages;
- metro (ideal);
- ditch, trench or hole;
- wide drainage pipes under the road (do not go too deep, maximum 3-4 meters);
- along a high curb or fence foundation;
- very deep basements under capital houses of old buildings (it is desirable that it have 2 exits);
- underground vegetable storage, silo, etc.;
- inspection pit of an open (in the air) garage or service station;
- sewer pipes near your house are a very good hiding place (but are you strong enough to quickly open a heavy hatch? It is also important that it is a sewer or water supply - in no case a gas main!)
- “crater” holes left over from previous shelling or air raids.
In the worst case scenario - when there is no cover in sight where you can run across in one quick throw - just lie down on the ground and lie with your head in your hands. The vast majority of shells and bombs explode in the top layer of soil or asphalt, so fragments at the moment of explosion scatter at a height of at least 30-50 cm above the surface.
So, the general rule: your shelter should be at least minimally deep and, at the same time, should be located away from structures that could collapse from above in a direct hit or catch fire. Ideal protection is provided by a trench or ditch (similar to a trench) 1-2 meters deep, in an open place.
After hiding in a shelter, lie down and clasp your head in your hands. Open your mouth slightly - this will protect you from concussion if a shell or bomb explodes nearby.
Do not panic. Keep your psyche busy with something. You can count the explosions: know that after a maximum of the 100th explosion, the shelling will definitely end. You can mentally count the minutes. First of all, it's distracting. Secondly, this way you can navigate the situation: the artillery shelling does not last forever, a maximum of twenty minutes; air raid - significantly less. Nowadays there are no long bombings; large groups of bombers are not used.
In the house
If the house has a basement, go down to the basement.
If there is no basement, go down to the lower floors. The lower the better.
Find the innermost room in advance, the more concrete around, the better (find load-bearing walls, for example, a bathroom), if all the rooms are external, go out onto the landing.
Under no circumstances stand in front of windows!
If you know which side the shelling is coming from, then choose the most remote room on the opposite side.
In the chosen place, sit on the floor near the wall - the lower the person is when the shell hits, the greater the chance that he will not be caught by a fragment. Again, not in front of the windows. The windows can be covered with sofa cushions (large, dense, but better with sandbags), covered with massive furniture, but not empty (stuffed with sandbags or things, but tightly).
In the cellar.
You can use a cellar in private houses for shelter, but keep in mind that it can be filled up! Therefore, leave a large, conspicuous poster in the house in a visible place: “during the bombing we are in the cellar” and indicate where the cellar is located.
Bring phones, battery-powered radios, water.
Don't panic. Yes, this is a hackneyed expression, but it is very important.
After the end of the shelling
When leaving a place of refuge, do not let yourself relax. Now all your attention should be concentrated at your feet! Do not pick up any objects that are unfamiliar to you from the ground: an air bomb, a rocket or a cluster shell may be a cluster shell!
Combat elements usually explode when dropped, but can explode later, in the hands - from the slightest movement or touch.
Take care of yourself and be vigilant!
“NO ONE IS FORGOTTEN, NOTHING IS FORGOTTEN” (classroom hour, dedicated to the Day artillery, November 19) Goals: to expand children’s knowledge about the beginning of the Battle of Stalingrad; interest in unknown facts of the history of the battle; cultivate respect for the defenders of the city; develop patriotic feelings. Form of the class: literary and musical composition. Classroom Presenter. No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten... But in order not to forget, one must remember, and in order to remember, one must know. War has been a human tragedy since ancient times. The entire history of human civilization has been accompanied by wars. If people did not forget all the troubles, suffering, horror and grief brought to humanity by wars, then gunshots would no longer be heard on Earth long ago. The Battle of Stalingrad lasted 200 days (from July 7, 1942 to February 2, 1943). The worst day for the city was August 23, 1943: Nazi bombers carried out more than 2,000 sorties. Hitler wanted to capture the city in 2 weeks. But on November 19, 1942, the counter-offensive of Soviet troops began near Stalingrad. Soviet troops began this day with the roar of artillery guns, and since then November 19 has been considered Artillery Day and the beginning of the counter-offensive of Soviet troops. On November 19, all of Hitler's plans were broken. It was on this day that the operation code-named “Uranus” began. Students perform the song “Artillerymen” (lyrics by V. Gusev, music by T. Khrennikov). Love for our native land burns in our hearts, We go into mortal combat For the honor of our native country. Cities are burning, engulfed in smoke, The stern god of war thunders in the gray forests. Artillerymen, the exact order has been given, Artillerymen, the Fatherland is calling us, And many thousands of batteries For the tears of our mothers,
Reader For our Motherland - fire, fire. I remember that autumn and the cold, In the darkness there were mounds of barricades, And the reflection of the fire in the puddles, And Stalingrad, menacing as night. And the men left into the night, With a short order “Forward!” Our Stalingrad people walked without songs, without words, without grumbling. And the women dug trenches in a crowd, whispering about their loved ones, Knocking on the heavy earth with a shovel and a rusty pick. There were dark traces of bloody calluses on their palms, But they did not know how to cry - How proud those people were! And as they said without trembling: “We will die, we will not retreat back, Now it is even dearer to us, Our dear, fighting Stalingrad.” We will fight for every stone, We will not surrender our city to the enemy, And we are proud of those people, As our best heritage. A minute of silence in memory of the victims, laying flowers at the mass grave. Leading. War is terrible, people kill in war. Those who passed this test learned to hate the enemy, but remained human. We experienced extraordinary friendship and were ready for self-sacrifice every moment.
devotion and fidelity, War is always pain and blood, the loss of loved ones. But the Great Patriotic War also brought to life new songs that the soldier needed: about love and loved ones, about home as a reminder of the peaceful life for which the soldiers fought and sacrificed their own lives. These songs helped to fight. Children perform the waltz “In the forest near the front”, music. V. Blanter. Reader Take your seats, soldier, There is no arguing about ranks, After all, a soldier is a brother to a soldier, Well, of course, everything is assembled. Halt. In the middle of the hall there is a clearing, a pot on fire, and tents. The children sit on the stumps, everyone is dressed in, wooden weapons, nurse, etc. Reader. About the one she loved, About the one whose letters she treasured. – Do you know what the letters from the front looked like? Modest soldier triangles (display). They were sent from the front line, from the trenches and hospitals. And how they waited for this news in the rear! They inspired hope for victory, for the return home of fathers, sons, and daughters. Some families still carefully store these wartime relics in boxes and in various old briefcases (show). A student performs a song with a guitar; children read letters against the background of music. The fire beats in the cramped stove, There is resin on the logs like a tear, And in the dugout the accordion sings to me About your smile and eyes. The bushes whispered to me about you in the snow-white fields near Moscow, I want you to hear how my living voice yearns. You are far away now, There is snow and snow between us, It’s not easy for me to get to you, And to death there are four steps. Sing, harmonica, in spite of the blizzard, call for lost happiness, I feel warm in the cold dugout from your unquenchable love. Students read the letters aloud. "Dear Mom! I'm still alive, although I've lost friends. Our task is to defend Stalingrad. This is our sacred duty to the Motherland, and we will fulfill it, defend the glorious city, and destroy the enemy under its walls. Your loving son." “My dear family: mother, brother and sister! I'm fine. Motherland
called on the youth to protect her. The people told us: “Fight to the last drop of blood, but do not surrender the city.” And we answer our Motherland, our people: “Don’t give up.” Once upon a time our military unit went on the attack. The three of us - Lelya, Lyusya and I - ran after the fighters. In this battle, our friend Lucy died, she was hit by a mine fragment. I will never forget my front-line girlfriend and will take revenge on the fascist scoundrels.” “Hello, dear mom! Thank you for your letter. It's not easy for us at the front at the moment, but no one is complaining. We are all waiting for a combat order, and when we receive it, we will not let us down. Our cause is just, victory will be ours. We will win". 1st reader On the mound, which thundered with battles and did not give up its height, the dugouts were overgrown with feather grass, flowers grew along the trenches. A woman wanders along the banks of the Volga, And on that dear bank, she doesn’t collect flowers - she collects fragments, Freezing at every step. He will stop, bow his head, and sigh over each fragment, and hold it in the palm of his hand, and slowly shake off the sand. Does he remember his past youth, Does he see again the one who went into battle... He picks up the fragment. He kisses you and takes you with you forever. On the mound, thundering with battles... 2nd hour. You can live without food for a day, You can do more, but sometimes in a war you can’t live for one minute without a joke, The jokes of the most unwise ones. You can’t live without shag, From bombing to another Without a good saying
Or some kind of saying. Well, the holiday is a joy for everyone, a place for the dance, an honor for the song. Well, what about laughter? There is also laughter in the program. Let's just say: We are without laughter, Like without hands, In the matter of vigor and growth, Laughter for a soldier is a best friend! Let's face it: it's boring, If there is no singer in the company, And without a joke, there is no soldier, Without a smile, there is no fighter. Children perform ditties. All our farmers are fighting well, Cleansing mother Russia from fascist rubbish. Chickens, meat, eggs, lard seem delicious to the Germans, We'll give them pepper, It won't be enough. We will drive Fritz away from our native land, We will drive him back to the Berlin borders. In November, Hitler was going to celebrate a parade in Moscow, What kind of parade is there, I would be glad to carry my feet away! And tomorrow there will be a battle again, It’s so destined by fate, So that we can leave without loving, From our wives, from our fields. The bugle sounds. 1st student
But with every step in that battle, We are closer to home in our native land. 1st student: Until the next halt, the soldiers will fight the enemy, many of them will not return from the battle. All children sing the song “Boys”, lyrics. Shaferana, music A. Ostrovsky. The frost draws patterns on the window glass, But our boys don’t like to sit in the warmth, Boys, boys Rush through the snowy mountains. Boys, boys, well, how can I not envy you? At the school evening, Perky waltzes sound, For the first time, timidly, the boys look at the girls. Boys, boys, Suddenly your heart began to beat in your chest, Boys, boys, What will happen in front of you? When the Alarm sounded in their beloved land, the boys froze in a stern soldier formation. Boys, boys, you were the first to rush into battle. Boys, boys, come home alive. Floating in the ocean, Flying high in the skies, Respectable people With a boyish sparkle in their eyes. Boys, boys, Let the years fly by, Boys, boys, For us you are always boys. Leading. No matter how many years pass, we will always remember our grandparents, our relatives and friends - all those people who died fighting for their Motherland, and in a moment of happiness we will come to the monuments, because this
the unfulfilled happiness of all those who died, whose names are here, and all those who were nameless but became heroes. Our peers, having risen to attack young, never grew old. Glory to the fallen and low bow to the veterans living among us. And now our duty is not to forget. The song “My Marina” plays, music. etc. A. Biryukova. Poplars dance around the coolness of the alleys, And white fluff flies from the poplars, Like the glare of evening lights. My city, I hasten to plunge into you, The river port, the waves hit the slabs, And the poplars sing and circle. A seagull floats like a white arrow over the wave, A low whistle floats by, The Volga water hits the granite surf. Here it is, my haven. Stalingrad! Do you remember the sky and the windows in the crosses, Fear and hatred in children's eyes. Fight for every inch, every step. Two hundred days! Volga, you were suffocating in the fire, And then during the war there was no land for us on the other side. Enough words, you buried many sons, Ibarruri and Marshal Chuikov gave their lives for the world of our dreams. Mother Russia has risen high above your stronghold with her hand raised and stands proudly and easily. Volgograd! I came out of your colonnades, from the buzzing night highways, and from the gangs of risky guys. My city is an eternally young and glorious hero. And the surf splashes loudly in my heart, with the quiet hot water of the Volga.
CLASS HOUR
for Civil Defense Day on the topic:
“The threat of artillery shelling and others emergencies»
Target:
Students’ acquisition of knowledge related to the threat to life during shelling, if they are at school at that moment, or others in public places;
Formation of safe behavior skills in students in emergency situations and during shelling;
Testing and developing skills to act on signals during shelling and other emergency situations;
To instill in students the awareness that they are responsible not only for their own lives, but also for the lives of those around them.
PROGRESS OF THE CLASS
Teacher:
Greetings. Teacher's opening speech.
At the moment, you and I know firsthand what artillery shelling is, many of you have already encountered this situation, but some still do not know how to behave correctly in the event of a sudden artillery shelling.
The goal of our class is to teach you how to behave during shelling when you are at school, or in other public places, or on the street. It often happens that people in panic do not realize the full extent of the danger and make mistakes that can cost the health and lives of not only themselves, but also those around them.
It is extremely important during shelling and other emergency situations to act thoughtfully, not to panic, to think quickly, and to concentrate to provide first aid if necessary.
Student 1:
Here are some rules of conduct during shelling:
Be always vigilant.
If there are sudden explosions close to you, do not panic and try to remain calm.
Remember - any sounds are a reason to think about your safety.
If any suspicious objects are detected, or strangers– inform the school administration.
If you find explosive objects, do not try to clear them, do not touch them and inform the school administration.
Teacher: There are special sound signals that will help you coordinate your actions during emergencies:
One long school bell means close shelling. If you hear it, no matter where you are on the school grounds, or in the building itself, you should take refuge in a safe place, away from windows and doors, preferably lie on the floor or squat down, cover your ears with your hands and open your mouth in order to so that if the sound of an explosion is strong, you will not be deafened.
Three short school bells mean there is a fire in the building. At these sounds, you should leave the school premises, exit in an orderly manner through the exit designated for your class.
Any strange events should attract the attention of teachers and students.
Student 2:
Requirements when detecting a suspicious item similar to explosive device:
The presence of wires, ropes, electrical tape on the discovered object;
Suspicious sounds, clicks, beeping sounds made by the object;
The item emits a characteristic almond or other unusual odor;
Actions:
Do not touch, lift, or move the discovered object;
Do not try to clear explosive devices yourself or move them to another place;
Refrain from using radio communications, including mobile phones near this object;
Immediately report the discovered suspicious item to the school administration;
Record the time and place of discovery of a suspicious object;
If possible, ensure the protection of a suspicious item, ensuring safety, being, if possible, behind objects that provide protection (corner of a building or corridor).
Teacher:
Now I will offer you a screening test and questions for self-assessment of knowledge about behavior during emergency situations.
Station "Explosion"
1.What possible locations for explosive devices do you know? (Answers: passages, train stations, markets, stadiums, discos, shops, transport, power plants, gas processing stations)
2. What to do if an explosive device is discovered? (Answers: inform the Ministry of Emergency Situations, the police and adults; do not approach the object and do not let others in, exclude the use of radio telephones, mobile phones, as they can trigger the radio fuse).
3.Indicate signs of the presence of explosive devices. (Answers: the presence of wires, electrical tape, a small antenna; noise from a detected object (clicking, ticking); a specific smell, not typical of the surrounding area).
Station "Pozharnaya"
1.Name the primary fire extinguishing means (Answers: fire extinguishers, fire hydrants in buildings, fire shield)
2.What to do in case of fire? (Answers: call 01, cover your nose and mouth with a damp cloth, crawl; if your clothes catch fire, throw a blanket over them, you can’t run).
3. Name the means personal protection(Answers: respirators, gas masks, insulating suits).
First aid station
1.Rules of first aid. (Answers: act quickly, decisively, stop the action of damaging factors; establish the presence of heartbeat, breathing; perform artificial ventilation and cardiac massage).
2. Apply a tourniquet and bandage.
Station "Radiation"
1.What are your actions in conditions of radiation danger? (Answers: put on PPE; hide in a shelter).
2. When did the Chernobyl accident occur? (Answer: April 26, 1986 at 1:23 am).
3.What are the sources of radiation pollution? (Answers: enterprises, nuclear weapons tests, accidents at nuclear power plants).
TEST
1. You are in the room, you are convinced that an earthquake has started, how will you leave the room?
1. jump out of the window; 2. go down the elevator; 3.go down the steps
2. What are the signs of an earthquake?
1. the lights went out; 2. the chandelier sways and the dishes clink ; 3. A book fell from the princess’s shelf.
Z.What are your actions in case of flood?
1. stay on the first floor; 2. go down to the well-equipped basement; 3.go up to the attic (roof).
4. What is prohibited to do while in a radioactive contamination zone?
1. sleep; 2. eat; 3.arterial
5. You have discovered that scarlet blood is oozing from the victim’s leg in pulsating streams. What kind of bleeding?
1. venous;2. capillary;3. arterial.
6. What color is blood during venous bleeding?
1 . dark red ; 2. light red; 3. bluish-red in color.
7.How to prepare low-slip shoes for icy conditions?
1. stick an adhesive plaster on the sole ; 2. rub the sole with chalk; 3. make scratches on the sole.
8. What are your actions in case of a hurricane, storm, tornado?
1, took cover under a tree; 2. hid in a barn; 3.took refuge in the basement (cellar).
9. You are a witness to an accident. What will you do? The driver fled.
1. inquireincident:2. tell meabout the incident to passers-by; 3.Write down the car number and call the traffic police (“02”).
10. You found an unknown item (package). What will you do?
1. throw the bag into the trash bin; 2. inquire about the contents of the package; 3.Without touching the package, report the find by calling “02”.
11. How will you leave the apartment in case of fire?
1. use the elevator; 2.go down the steps ; 3. go down the rope.
12. How will you help a victim with a broken arm?
1. apply a tight bandage: 2. help the victimget thereto the hospital; 3.Attach a spike (stick, plank) to the injured limb.
13. What does the sound of emergency sirens mean?
1. "Air"anxiety!"; 2."Attention everyone!" ; 3.beginning of evacuation.
14. How long can a tourniquet be applied to stop bleeding?
1. for 1 hour; 2.for 2 hours ; 3. for 3 hours.
15. How many breaths per minute will you give to the victim during artificial respiration?
1. 5-10 blows; 2.12:20 ; 3. 25-30.
16. How many pressures per minute will you apply to the victim during chest compressions?
1. 30-40; 2. 50-60 ; 3. 60-70.
17. What means of protection should be used against poisoning by toxic substances?
1. protective suit; 2. mask ; 3. gauze bandage.
18. Where should you go when an evacuation is announced?
1. in the housing office; 2. to school; 3.to the collection and evacuation point.
19. What are the main causes of fire in an apartment (house)?
1. spontaneous combustion;2. ineptuse of gas andelectrical appliances;
3. absent-mindedness, playing with matches.
20. What would you do if you were offered to drink tap water?
1. drink;2. won't drink ; 3. consultWithfriends.
21. What disease can be transmitted to a person through a scratch (bite) made by a dog or cat?
1. diphtheria; 2. scabies; 3.tetanus
22. What should you do if you are bitten by a dog?
1. wash the bite with soap and water, stop the bleeding and consult a doctor ; 2. Apply a tight bandage; 3. hold the wound with your hand.
23. At what age, according to the rules, is it legal to drive a bicycle on the road? common use?
1. from 10years; 2.With12 years old; 3.from 14 years
24. Which side should a cyclist stay on while driving on the road?
1. at the discretion of the cyclist: 2.right side;
3. left side.
25. What does it mean to seal a room?
1. you should seal the cracks in the window frames:
2. cracks and crevices in the floors and ceilings should be sealed;
3. windows, doors, vents, ventilation vents should be tightly closed
26. What ways are there to protect people from natural disasters?
1. specialclothing and shoes;
2. timely receipt of information about natural disaster;
3. special equipment, equipment.
Teacher: Well done guys, you completed the task. Now each of you has an opportunity to collect “ Alarm suitcase”, or rather make a list of what will be included in it. Such a bag should contain the most necessary things, documents that you will take with you when leaving home.
(Students make a list of things needed in an emergency. In the class, all student notes are collectively discussed, and an analysis of errors is made.)
Teacher:
Another task, now a task for the girls - you need to provide first aid to the victim medical care- apply a bandage. Each girl will have her own task:
Elbow joint;
Head;
Shoulder joint;
Ankle;
Wrist;
Knee-joint.
Teacher:
The last test for you today will be: Collective “collection of the first aid kit”. From the medicines, items, things, etc. offered on the leaves, you will need to collect them in 3 minutes. The essentials for a first aid kit." Time has passed.
(students are provided with small sheets of paper with inscriptions and a first aid kit; they are required to collect only the necessary medications and things).
Final words from the teacher:
- Dear guys, today we once again repeated the rules of behavior during shelling and emergency situations. We hope that the acquired knowledge and skills will not be useful to you, but if this happens, you will definitely act in a coordinated and organized manner. Each of us must remember our safety, be able to protect ourselves and loved ones from harm in any life situation!
REMINDER
RULES OF CONDUCT WHEN ARTIFICATION AND AIR THREATS
1. Do not run, do not be in a vertical position if explosions are heard very close. Thus, a person is most susceptible to shell shock and is an excellent target for fragments (for example, shrapnel, etc.). Falling to the ground and covering your head with your hands is the best way to escape.
2. Shelter from bombing. In open areas, a ditch or any hole in the ground can serve as shelter. In such a simple shelter, a person can only be killed by a direct hit, the probability of which is low. Of course, damage from debris flying in a parabola and ricocheting fragments cannot be ruled out. In addition, do not underestimate the sonic (acoustic) shock. (See paragraph 7.). But, in general case Having found such shelter, it is not recommended to leave it until the bombardment stops.
3. Any ledge of earth, concrete barriers, or embankment will also work. It is not recommended to hide in ordinary basements. Risk of remaining under rubble.
4. Avoid proximity to equipment, cars, fire hazards and explosive objects. All this provides little protection from fragments, but always poses a mortal danger to people nearby.
5. Modern buildings that are not strong enough but contain a large number of windows, shop windows, glass elements. In the event of an explosion, such a building will collapse like a house of cards, and any glass surface will turn into a cloud of sharp fragments even with a small shock wave.
6. Do not save yourself in water: river, lake or other body of water. Water is almost not compressed, and therefore, if a bomb or shell accidentally hits it, an incredible blast wave spreads out in all directions, which leads to powerful hydraulic shocks. (The principle of stunning fish with dynamite)
7. It is recommended to wait out the bombardment by covering your ears tightly with your hands and opening your mouth slightly to regulate the pressure. Sound damage (acoustic shock) can permanently deprive the ability to hear and lead to rupture of blood vessels and eardrums.
AND MOST IMPORTANTLY, DON’T PANIC AND DON’T LOSE CONTROL OVER THE SITUATION.