Test on the topic of the human nervous system. Tests on the topic: “Nervous system
1. The white matter of the brain performs the function:
a) reflex
b) conductive
c) nutritious
d) motor
2. Areas of nerve cells, clusters of which are the main component of the so-called white matter of the spinal cord - these are:
a) axons
b) nuclei of nerve cells
c) neuron bodies
d) dendrites
3. ____ pairs of cranial nerves depart from the brain
4. Different parts of the body, depending on their functional significance for the body, are unevenly represented in the motor zone of the cerebral cortex. The smallest surface area of the motor zone cortex falls on this part of the body:
a) torso
5. Average diameter spinal cord person is equal to:
6. The hollow structure located in the center of the spinal cord is designated by the following term:
a) ventricles of the brain
b) spinal canal
d) spinal canal
7. One nerve cell can have the following number of axons:
a) only one
b) no more than ten
c) 10 or more
d) many
8. The part of the brain that has a cortex formed by numerous neuron bodies and their short processes - dendrites - is:
a) telencephalon
b) diencephalon
c) medulla oblongata
d) midbrain
9. Directly connected to the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of motor neurons covered with a connective tissue membrane. This structure is called:
a) anterior root
b) dorsal root
c) lateral spine
d) bottom spine
10. Cerebrospinal fluid in the human body is located in a structure called:
a) spinal canal
b) the space between the dura mater and the wall of the spinal canal
c) blood vessels supplying the brain
d) lymphatic system
11. In the spinal cord, the white matter is located:
a) in the central part
b) on the periphery
c) randomly
d) in the form of nuclei
12. One neuron can have the following number of dendrites:
b) no more than 10
c) 1-100 or more
d) more than 1000
13. Section of the brain in which sensitive and motor zones are distinguished:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) cerebellum
d) cerebral cortex
14. Proportion of the cerebral cortex brain, which received the greatest development in humans in the process of evolution:
a) frontal
b) parietal
c) temporal
d) occipital
15. The folds of the cerebral cortex are called the following term:
a) convolutions
b) furrows
d) tubercles
16. In the occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex there is a ______ zone.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) musculocutaneous
17. Areas of nerve cells, clusters of which are the main component of the gray matter of the spinal cord, are:
a) axons
b) dendrites
c) neuron bodies
18. Directly connected to the spinal cord are structures representing numerous processes of sensory neurons covered with a connective tissue membrane. This structure is designated by the following term:
a) anterior root
b) dorsal root
c) bottom spine
d) upper spine
19. The part of the brain in which the nuclei of the vagus nerve are located is:
a) diencephalon
b) midbrain
c) medulla oblongata
d) cerebral cortex
20. Clusters of gray matter in the brain are called:
a) plexuses
b) nuclei
c) ganglia
d) neurons
21. The part of the brain that is located directly above the spinal cord is:
b) cerebellum
c) hemispheres
d) medulla oblongata
22. Glial cells perform various functions. At the same time, they do not have the following function:
a) supporting
b) nutritious
c) motor
d) protective
23. The parts of the brain that are united by the term “brain stem” are:
a) pons, diencephalon and medulla oblongata
b) pons, midbrain and medulla oblongata
c) pons, cerebellum, midbrain and diencephalon
d) midbrain, diencephalon and telencephalon.
24. The _______ zone is located in the parietal lobe of the cerebral cortex.
a) motor
b) visual
c) auditory
d) musculoskeletal sensitivity.
25. The following number of pairs of nerves depart from the spinal cord:
26. The groove separating the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe is:
a) central (Rolandic)
b) lateral (Sylvian)
c) intraparietal
d) back.
27. Of the listed zones, the temporal lobe of the cerebral hemispheres contains:
a) visual
b) auditory
c) motor
d) musculocutaneous
28. Structures related to the peripheral nervous system are:
a) just nerves
b) nerves and ganglia
c) spinal cord, nerves and ganglia
d) spinal cord and brain.
29. On a transverse section of the spinal cord, the anterior and posterior horns are distinguished in the gray matter.
Motor neurons are located in the ______ horns.
a) front horns
b) rear horns
30. The thickness of the gray matter of the cerebral cortex is:
31. One of the sections of the autonomic nervous system is located in the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord, the peripheral sections of which are represented by nerves and nodes (ganglia), usually located far from the regulated organs. This department is called:
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
32. Indicate the neurons located outside the central nervous system:
a) sensitive
b) motor
c) insertion
d) different
33. The part of the brain that is the material basis of human mental activity is:
a) medulla oblongata
b) midbrain
c) diencephalon
d) cerebral cortex
34. The recesses of the cerebral cortex are designated by the term:
a) convolutions
b) furrows
d) potholes
35. The central sections of one of the sections of the autonomic nervous system are located in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and in the sacral part of the spinal cord, and the peripheral sections of this section are represented by nerves and nerve ganglia located in or near the internal organs.
a) sympathetic
b) parasympathetic
c) metasympathetic
This part of the autonomic nervous system is called:
36. The scientist who called the analyzer system, which carries out direct interaction of the body with the stimulus, conducts a signal, and generates a sensation, is:
a) I.M. Sechenov
b) I.P. Pavlov
c) A.A. Ukhtomsky
d) P.F. Lesgaft
37. This structure is not part of the brain’s analyzing system:
a) sensory organ receptors
b) sensory neurons
c) neurons of the sensitive zones of the cerebral cortex
d) motor neurons
38. The section of the hearing organ to which the eardrum belongs is:
a) outer ear
b) middle ear
c) inner ear
d) auricle
39. Photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light are:
a) sticks
b) cones
c) papillae
d) mushrooms
40. There are three main membranes in the eyeball.
Of the following is the average:
a) vascular
b) fibrous
c) retina
41. The outer layer of retinal cells adjacent to the choroid of the eye is called:
a) layer of rods and cones
b) pigment layer
c) layer of bipolar cells
d) layer of ganglion cells
42. The place where the nerve fibers of the optic nerve exit the retina is called:
a) corpus luteum
b) blind spot
c) vitreous body
d) yellow spot.
43. The receptor cells of the taste analyzer perceive _______ simple tastes.
d) four.
44. Of the listed receptors in the skin, the following are found in the greatest quantities:
a) thermal
b) cold
45. All parts of the inner ear have hair cells. These cells are pressed by tiny limestone crystals in the following section:
a) semicircular canals
b) snail
c) vestibule
d) ossicles (auditory).
46. ______ receptors are “free nerve endings”:
a) taste
b) painful
c) olfactory
47. The skin sense of touch is formed as a result of the influence of many factors that specifically affect skin receptors different types. A factor whose effect is not specific to skin receptors is:
a) touching hairs
b) pressure on the skin
c) exposure to cold or heat
d) painful irritation
e) exposure to water-soluble chemicals
48. Muscular sensation occurs when special receptors are excited. ____________ lacks muscle receptors:
a) skeletal muscles
b) tendons
c) smooth muscles
d) joints
49. These retinal photoreceptors function only in bright light:
39. Photoreceptors that are more sensitive to light are:
a) sticks
50. The following ossicles of the middle ear are connected to the eardrum:
a) stirrup
b) anvil
1. Name the fibers that provide high speed of propagation of nerve impulses along peripheral nerves.
A) myelin fibers; +
B) unmyelinated fibers.
2. Name the characteristic morphological features of the human spinal cord.
A) completely occupies the spinal canal;
B) ends at the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra +
B) there is no thickening;
D) has two thickenings; +
D) has a segmental structure. +
3. Name the thickening of the human spinal cord.
A) cervical; +
B) chest;
B) lumbosacral; +
D) coccygeal;
D) in humans there is no thickening of the spinal cord.
4. Name the total number of spinal cord segments.
5. Name the number of cervical segments of the spinal cord.
6. Name the number of thoracic segments of the spinal cord.
7. Name the number of lumbar segments of the spinal cord.
8. Name the number of sacral segments of the spinal cord.
9. Name the number of coccygeal segments of the spinal cord.
10. Name the groove of the spinal cord, which is the exit point for the motor roots.
A) posterior median sulcus;
B) anterolateral groove; +
B) posterolateral groove;
D) anterior median fissure.
11. Name the groove of the spinal cord, which is the entry point of the sensory roots.
A) posterior median sulcus;
B) anterolateral groove;
B) posterolateral groove; +
D) posterior intermediate groove;
D) anterior median fissure.
12. Name the characteristic morphological features of the white matter of the spinal cord.
A) is divided into cords; +
B) forms pillars;
B) represented by areas where neuron bodies are concentrated;
D) represented by areas where neuron processes are located; +
D) forms the pathways of the spinal cord. +
13. Name the characteristic morphological features of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
A) is divided into cords;
B) forms pillars; +
B) represented by areas where neuron bodies are concentrated; +
D) represented by areas where neuron processes are located;
D) forms the pathways of the spinal cord.
14. Name the leading pathways located in the anterior funiculus of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull)
B) pyramidal path; +
D) roof-spinal tract; +
15. Name the leading pathways located in the posterior cord of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull) +
B) roof-spinal tract;
B) red nuclear spinal tract;
D) anterior and posterior spinal-cerebellar tract (Gowers and Flexig)
D) wedge-shaped bundle (Burdacha). +
16.Name the leading pathways located in the lateral cord of the spinal cord.
A) thin beam (Gaull)
B) anterior and posterior spinal-cerebellar tract (Gowers and Flexig) +
B) red nuclear spinal tract; +
D) roof-spinal tract;
D) wedge-shaped bundle (Burdacha).
17. Name the parts of the brain that are formed as a result of the division of the rhombencephalon.
A) medulla oblongata; +
B) midbrain;
B) hindbrain; +
D) telencephalon;
D) diencephalon.
18. Name the parts of the brain that are formed as a result of the division of the forebrain.
A) medulla oblongata;
B) midbrain;
B) hindbrain;
D) telencephalon; +
D) diencephalon. +
19. Name the parts of the brain that form the brainstem.
A) medulla oblongata; +
B) midbrain; +
B) cities; +
D) cerebellum;
D) telencephalon.
20. Name the structures located on the ventral surface of the medulla oblongata.
A) the intersection of the pyramids; +
B) oils; +
B) thin and wedge-shaped bundles;
D) pyramids; +
D) the lower corner of the rhomboid fossa.
21. Name the structures located on the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata.
A) the intersection of the pyramids;
B) thin and wedge-shaped bundles; +
D) pyramids;
D) the lower corner of the rhomboid fossa. +
22. Name the structures located on the dorsal surface
A) onion-bridge furrow;
B) main groove;
B) medullary striae of the fourth ventricle; +
D) roots of IV, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves;
D) the upper corner of the rhomboid fossa. +
23. Name the structures located on the ventral surface
A) onion-bridge furrow; +
B) main groove; +
B) medullary striae of the fourth ventricle;
D) roots of IV, VII, VIII pairs of cranial nerves; +
D) the upper corner of the rhomboid fossa.
24. Name the structure, it is the cavity of the rhombencephalon.
A) I - II cerebral ventricles;
B) central channel;
B) III cerebral ventricle;
D) IV cerebral ventricle; +
D) plumbing.
25. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
B) vestibular field;
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
26. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field;
B) triangle of the vagus nerve +
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
27. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field; +
B) triangle of the vagus nerve
D) blue place;
D) medial increase.
28. Name the colored part of the rhomboid fossa.
A) triangle of the hypoglossal nerve
B) vestibular field;
B) triangle of the vagus nerve
D) blue place;
D) medial increase. +
29. Name the cerebellar nuclei.
A) dentate nucleus; +
B) red nucleus;
B) apical core; +
D) thin and wedge-shaped nuclei;
D) pick-like and spherical nuclei. +
30. The inferior cerebellar peduncles connect the cerebellum with...
A) ... telencephalon
B) ... midbrain;
B) ... bridge;
D) ... medulla oblongata; +
D) ... spinal cord.
Generalization on the topic: “Nervous system”
1. Perform test work:
1. What makes up the central nervous system?
a) Brain;
b) spinal cord;
c) nerves.
d) nerve ganglia
2. What makes up the peripheral nervous system?
a) Brain;
b) spinal cord;
c) nerves;
d) nerve ganglia
3. The endings of sensory nerve fibers, or sensory cells, are called:
a) reflex;
b) neuron;
c) receptor.
4. Spinal reflex pathway:
a) brain - receptor - muscle - spinal cord,
b) receptor - spinal cord - brain - muscle;
c) muscle spinal cord brain - receptor.
3 Parasympathetic nervous system:
a) does not affect the contraction of skin muscles;
b) causes contraction of the skin muscles;
c) causes relaxation of the skin muscles,
6. What is the solar plexus?
a) Nerves;
b) nerve cells;
c) additional nerve nodes in the abdominal area
2. Choose pairs:
1. Central nervous system A. Brain
2. Peripheral nervous system B. Nerves
1. Autonomic nervous system A. Subordinate to the will of man
2. Somatic nervous system B. Not subject to human will
1. Sympathetic nervous system
2. Parasympathetic nervous system
A. Turns on during intensive work requiring energy consumption
B. Helps restore energy reserves during sleep and rest
1. Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system
2. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system
A. Increased blood sugar
B. Reducing the amount of sugar in the blood
1. Parasympathetic nervous system
2. Sympathetic nervous system
A. Neuron bodies lie in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and sacral part of the spinal cord
B. Neuron cell bodies lie in the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
3. Digital dictation
From the list of parts of the nervous system (NS) (1-5), select and encrypt the answers to question (1-X1).
1. Somatic NS4. Sympathetic NS
2. Autonomic nervous system5. Central NS
3. Parasympathetic NS
I. Consists of gray and white matter
II. Exercise knee and othersmotor reflexes
III. Spinal and cranial nerves
IV. Carry out voluntary movements of skeletal muscles
V. Carry out involuntary bowel movements
VI. Regulate blood circulation
VII. Also called “autonomous NS”
VIII. Causes pallor (constriction reflex) blood vessels skin when frightened)
IX. Causes involuntary weakening of heart activity
X. Causes an involuntary increase in heart activity
XI. Refers to the vegetative nervous system
4. Think through your answers to the questions about the functions of the five parts of the brain named in column 1.Encrypt them sequentially with numbers from 5 groups:
Slide captions:
Topic: “Nervous system” Objectives: to study the structure and functions of the nervous system - spinal cord, brain, autonomic nervous system
Structure of the nervous system Nervous tissue: Neurons consist of a body and processes - a long one, along which excitation goes from the cell body - an axon and dendrites, along which excitation goes to the cell body.
Structure of the nervous system Functionally, neurons are divided into sensitive, motor, and there may be intercalary neurons between them. The functioning of the nervous system is based on reflexes. A reflex is the body’s response to stimulation, which is carried out and controlled by the nervous system. A reflex arc is the path along which excitation passes during a reflex.
Structure of the nervous system Anatomically, the NS is divided into central and peripheral, the central nervous system includes the brain and spinal cord, the peripheral - 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves and nerve ganglia. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into somatic and autonomic (vegetative). The somatic part of the nervous system regulates the work of skeletal muscles, the autonomic part controls the work of internal organs.
Structure of the nervous system Functions. 1. The nervous system regulates the activity of all organs and organ systems; 2. Communicates with the external environment using the senses; 3. It is the material basis for higher nervous activity, thinking, behavior and speech.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord The spinal cord is located in the spinal canal from the 1st cervical vertebra to the 1st - 2nd lumbar vertebrae, length about 45 cm, thickness about 1 cm. The anterior and posterior longitudinal grooves divide it into two symmetrical halves.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord The spinal cord is covered with three membranes: the outside is dense connective tissue, then the arachnoid and underneath it is vascular. 31 pairs of mixed spinal nerves arise from the spinal cord.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord. The functions of the spinal cord are reflex and conductive. As a reflex center, the spinal cord takes part in motor (conducts nerve impulses to skeletal muscles) and autonomic reflexes.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord The most important autonomic reflexes of the spinal cord are vasomotor, eating, respiratory, defecation, urination, and sexual. The reflex function of the spinal cord is under the control of the brain.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord In humans, the brain plays a decisive role in coordinating motor reflexes.
Structure and functions of the spinal cord The amount of white matter from the cervical to the lumbar region gradually decreases. Cerebrospinal fluid for analysis is taken in the lumbar region from the subarachnoid space.
Repetition What is indicated in the figure by numbers 1 - 11? What are the membranes that protect the spinal cord called? What is the length and thickness of the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of sensory (sensory, afferent) neurons located in the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of motor (motor, efferent) neurons located in the spinal cord? Where are the bodies of interneurons located? Where are the cell bodies of the first neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located in the spinal cord?
Repetition Correct judgments in the task: “Spinal cord” Outside the spinal cord there is gray matter, inside there is white matter. The thickness of the spinal cord is about 1 cm, the average length is 43 cm. 31 pairs of spinal nerves depart from the spinal cord, it consists of 31 segments. The spinal cord has two functions - reflex and conduction.
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Slide captions:
Brain and Nervous System Part 2
Structure and functions of the brain There are five sections of the brain: the medulla oblongata, the hindbrain, which includes the pons and cerebellum, the midbrain, the intermediate and forebrain, represented by the cerebral hemispheres. Up to 80% of the brain's mass is in the cerebral hemispheres. The central canal of the spinal cord continues into the brain, where it forms four cavities (ventricles). Two ventricles are located in the hemispheres, the third in the diencephalon, the fourth at the level of the medulla oblongata and the pons.
Structure and functions of the brain The medulla oblongata is a continuation of the spinal cord and performs reflex and conduction functions. Reflex functions are associated with the regulation of the respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems; here are the centers of protective reflexes - coughing, sneezing, vomiting.
Structure and functions of the brain The bridge connects the cerebral cortex with the spinal cord and cerebellum, and primarily performs a conductive function. The cerebellum is formed by two hemispheres, the outside is covered with a cortex of gray matter, under which there is white matter. The white matter contains nuclei. The middle part - the worm - connects the hemispheres. Responsible for coordination, balance and affects muscle tone.
Structure and functions of the brain The midbrain connects all parts of the brain. Here are the centers of skeletal muscle tone, the primary centers of visual and auditory orientation reflexes. These reflexes are manifested in movements of the eyes and head towards stimuli.
Structure and functions of the brain The diencephalon is divided into three parts: the thalamus, the epithalamus (epithalamus, which includes the pineal gland) and the hypothalamus. The thalamus contains subcortical centers of all types of sensitivity, and excitement from the senses comes here. The hypothalamus contains the highest centers of regulation of the autonomic nervous system; it controls the constancy of the internal environment of the body.
Structure and functions of the brain Here are the centers of appetite, thirst, sleep, thermoregulation, i.e. All types of metabolism are regulated. Neurons of the hypothalamus produce neurohormones that regulate the functioning of the endocrine system. The diencephalon also contains emotional centers: centers of pleasure, fear, and aggression. Part of the brain stem.
Structure and functions of the brain The forebrain is represented by the cerebral hemispheres, connected by the corpus callosum. The surface is formed by bark, the area of which is about 2200 cm 2. Numerous folds, convolutions and grooves significantly increase the surface of the cortex. The human cortex contains from 14 to 17 billion nerve cells, arranged in 6 layers, the thickness of the cortex is 2 - 4 mm. Clusters of neurons in the depths of the hemispheres form the subcortical nuclei.
Structure and functions of the brain The central sulcus separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe, the lateral sulcus separates the temporal lobe, the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the occipital lobe from the parietal lobe. The cortex is divided into sensory, motor and association zones. Sensitive zones are responsible for analyzing information coming from the senses: occipital - for vision, temporal - for hearing, smell and taste, parietal - for skin and joint-muscular sensitivity.
Structure and functions of the brain Moreover, each hemisphere receives impulses from the opposite side of the body. Motor zones are located in the posterior regions of the frontal lobes, from here commands for contraction of skeletal muscles come. Association zones are located in the frontal lobes of the brain and are responsible for developing behavior and control programs labor activity in humans, their mass in humans is more than 50% of the total mass of the brain.
Structure and functions of the brain The hand and face have very large representations in the cerebral cortex (both in the sensitive and motor areas).
Structure and functions of the brain Humans are characterized by functional asymmetry of the hemispheres, the left hemisphere is responsible for abstract logical thinking, speech centers are also located there (Broca's center is responsible for pronunciation, Wernicke's center is for understanding speech), the right hemisphere is for imaginative thinking, musical and artistic creativity.
Structure and functions of the brain Thanks to the strong development of the cerebral hemispheres, the average mass of the human brain is 1400 g. But abilities depend not only on mass, but also on the organization of the brain. Anatole France, for example, had a brain mass of 1017 g, Turgenev 2012.
Autonomic nervous system The autonomic nervous system regulates the functioning of all internal organs - the digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, reproductive, and endocrine systems. The arc of the central autonomic reflex includes at least four neurons: sensory, intercalary (intermediate), preganglionic and ganglionic. The sensitive link is represented by sensitive nerve cells, the interoceptors of which are located in the internal organs.
Autonomic nervous system Central link. Afferent neurons form synapses on interneurons, which transmit excitation to the centers of the brain, where the information is processed and then transmitted to preganglionic neurons. Impulses from the central nervous system always pass through two sequentially located neurons - prenodal and postnodal. The bodies of prenodal neurons are located in the central nervous system - the middle, medulla oblongata and spinal cord, while postnodal neurons are located outside it. The fibers of prenodal neurons are covered with myelin and have a high speed of nerve impulses.
The autonomic nervous system is functionally and anatomically divided into two sections: sympathetic and parasympathetic. As a rule, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems have opposite effects on the innervated organ. The sympathetic nervous system is called the “start system”; it adapts the body to perform any work. Its prenodal neurons are located in the lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord, the transmitter is acetylcholine, the postganglionic neurons are in the nodes next to the spinal cord, the transmitter is norepinephrine.
Autonomic Nervous System Functions. Strengthens the work of the heart (increases blood pressure), dilates the blood vessels of the muscles and brain, constricts the blood vessels of the skin and intestines; speeds up breathing, dilates bronchioles; dilates the pupils (“fear has big eyes”); inhibits the activity of the digestive and excretory systems. The parasympathetic nervous system has the opposite effect, the “stop” system. Prenodal neurons are located in the midbrain, medulla oblongata and in the sacral spinal cord, postganglionic neurons are located in the nodes near the internal organs. The transmitter released by synapses in both types of neurons is acetylcholine.
Autonomic nervous system Functions: - reverse. Thus, depending on the circumstances, the autonomic nervous system either strengthens the functions of certain organs or weakens them, and at each moment either the sympathetic or parasympathetic parts of the autonomic nervous system are more active. The autonomic nervous system also includes the metasympathetic (intraorgan) nervous system. It contains all the elements of the reflex arc: afferent, intercalary and efferent neurons that provide regulation of the organ after transection of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves (the work of the isolated frog heart).
Repetition What is indicated by the numbers in the pictures?
Repetition What is indicated in the figure by numbers 1 -11? What is the average mass of the human brain? How many pairs of cranial nerves arise from the human brain? In which hemisphere are the speech centers, Broca's and Wernicke's centers located?
Thematic test on the section “Human Nervous System”
The test consists of parts A, B and C. 26 minutes are allotted for its completion.
Options 1- 2 (option 2 is in bold)
Select 1 correct answer in your opinion.
A1.What is the short process of a neuron called?
a) axon b) dendrite
c) nerve d) synapse
A 1 .What is the name of the long process of a neuron?
a) axon b) dendrite
c) nerve d) synapse
A2. The peripheral nervous system includes
A2. The central nervous system includes
a) brain and nerves b) spinal cord and nerve ganglia
c) nerves and ganglia d) spinal cord and brain
A3. Signals travel to the central nervous system through nerves
A3.Signals from the brain to the organs are transmitted through nerves
a) sensitive b) executive
c) mixed d) all answers are correct
A4. How many pairs of nerves depart from the spinal cord
A4.How many sections are there in the brain?
A5. The gray matter of the brain is formed
A5. The white matter of the brain is formed
a) dendrites b) neuron bodies
c) axons d) dendrites and cell bodies of neurons
A6.Where does all the information from the senses flow?
a) hypothalamus b) thalamus
A6.What part of the brain provides coordination of movement?
a) hypothalamus b) thalamus
c) cerebral hemispheres d) cerebellum
A7. Within the central nervous system there are
A7. A nerve impulse travels to a muscle or internal organ through
a) receptor b) interneuron
c) sensitive neuron d) motor neuron
A8.The center of thirst and hunger is in
c) pons d) midbrain
A8.The constancy of the internal environment of the body is controlled
a) cerebral cortex b) diencephalon
c) pons d) midbrain
A9. Olfactory and gustatory zones are located in…. share
a) frontal b) temporal
c) occipital d) parietal
A9.Neurons of the visual area are located in... lobe
a) frontal b) temporal
c) occipital d) parietal
A10.Are the following judgments correct?
A. The reflex begins with irritation of receptors.
B. The reflex arc includes receptors, the brain and the working organ
A10.Are the following statements correct?
A. Reflexes acquired during life are called unconditioned.
B. The reflex arc is the path along which signals from the receptor go to executive body.
a) only A is true b) only B is true
c) both judgments are correct d) both judgments are incorrect
Q1. Select 3 correct, in your opinion, answers out of 6 and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
What features are characteristic of the autonomic nervous system?
4) regulated by the hypothalamus
IN 1.Choose 3 correct answers, in your opinion, out of 6 and write down the numbers under which they are indicated.
What features are characteristic of the somatic nervous system?
1) controls internal organs, smooth muscles
2)subject to volitional control
3) does not obey the will of man
4) regulated by the hypothalamus
5) its center is the cerebral cortex
6) regulates the work of striated muscle tissue of skeletal muscles
Q2. Establish a correspondence between the parts of the brain and their functions
Functions departments
A. regulates the functioning of the organs of the left side of the body 1. right hemisphere
B. responsible for abilities in music and fine arts 2. left hemisphere
V. controls speech, as well as reading and writing abilities
G. is responsible for logic and analysis
D. With specializes in processing information that is expressed in symbols and images
E. regulates the functioning of the organs of the right side of the body
AT 2.Establish a correspondence between the parts of the brain and their functions
Enter the numbers of the selected answers into the table
Functions departments
A. regulation of muscle tone 1. midbrain
B. center of salivation and swallowing 2. medulla oblongata
B. center of inhalation and exhalation
G. is responsible for the orienting reflex
D. regulates the size of the pupil and the curvature of the lens
E. the center of protective reflexes is located
Enter the numbers of the selected answers into the table
Functions subdepartments
A. is activated in extreme conditions 1. sympathetic
B. reduces blood pressure 2. parasympathetic
V. increases skeletal muscle tone
D. blood sugar increases
D. the work of the digestive organs is activated
E. skin vessels dilate
AT 3. Establish a correspondence between the subdivisions of the nervous system and their functions
Enter the numbers of the selected answers into the table
Functions subdepartments
A. called the rebound system 1. sympathetic
B. increases blood pressure 2. parasympathetic
B. breathing becomes smoother and deeper
D. blood sugar levels decrease
D. the digestive organs slow down their activity
E. skin vessels narrow, the skin turns pale
C1.What part of the cerebral cortex is located under No. 2 what centers are located in it?
C1 What lobe of the cerebral cortex is located under No. 1, what centers are located in it?
C2. Why is the parasympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system called the “end light system”?
C2. Why is the sympathetic subdivision of the autonomic nervous system called the “system emergency situations»?
Answers to the test “Human Nervous System”
Task A
Option No.
Task B.
Option No.
Task C.
Option No.
Occipital lobe, visual center
It turns on after hard work. It returns the activity of the heart to a state of rest, reduces blood pressure and sugar levels. Under its influence, breathing becomes rarer, skin vessels dilate and the digestive organs are activated.
Parietal lobe. Center of musculocutaneous sensitivity
It is activated whenever the body is under tension. The heart increases its work, blood pressure rises, blood sugar increases, skin vessels narrow, and the person turns pale. The digestive organs, under the influence of sympathetic nerves, inhibit their activity.
TESTS on the topic “NERVOUS SYSTEM”
REFLEXES
In the tests, choose one correct answer:
1. Constriction of the pupil in bright light is a reflex:
a) food;
b) indicative;
c) sexual;
d) protective
2. The respiratory center, which regulates the change of inhalation and exhalation, is located in:
a) medulla oblongata;
b) midbrain;
c) diencephalon;
d) cerebellum.
3. The cry of a cat in March is:
a) food reflex;
b) protective reflex;
c) orientation reflex;
d) sexual reflex.
4. When drunkenness gait becomes unsteady. This indicates defeat:
a) hearts;
b) muscle tissue;
c) muscle vessels;
d) nervous system.
5. Salivation when seeing meat is:
a) protective reflex;
b) food reflex;
c) defensive reflex;
d) orientation reflex.
6. During sleep, brain activity:
a) completely absent;
b) is being rebuilt;
c) decreases;
d) increases.
7. Signals travel through interneurons:
a) to the muscles;
b) from receptors;
c) to the walls of the stomach;
d) from neuron to neuron.
8. Signals travel through sensitive neurons:
a) from the brain to the muscles;
b) from muscles to brain;
c) from the sensory organs to the neuron;
d) from the brain to the walls of the stomach.
Answers: 1-d, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d, 5-b, 6-c, 7-d, 8-c
SPINAL CORD
9. On average, the length of the spinal cord in an adult is about:
A. 20 cm B. 150 cm
B. 95 cm D. 45 cm
10. The spinal cord consists of:
A. 20-21 segments B. 31-32 segments
B. 42-43 segments D. 16-17 segments
11. Where are the spinal cord pathways located?
A. In the white matter B. In the central canal
B. In the gray matter D. In the mixed spinal nerve
12. Function of the gray matter of the spinal cord:
A. Secretory B. Supporting
B. Reflex G. Conductive
13. Where are motor neurons located in the spinal cord?
A. In the posterior root B. In the anterior root
B. In the median sulcus D. In the central canal
14. What corresponds to the conductive function of the spinal cord
A. Extension of the limbs B. Knee reflex
B. Transmission of nerve impulses from the brain
D. Transmission of a nerve impulse from the spinal cord to the brain.
15. Which neuron processes transmit impulses from the neuron body to the organs?
A. Axon B. Dendrites
B. Axon and dendrites
16. What function do sensory neurons perform?
17. What function do motor neurons perform?
A. Transmit impulses from the brain to the organs
B. Transmit impulses from organs to the brain
B. Transmit impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
D. Supportive and nutritional function within the brain
18. What function do interneurons perform?
A. Nutritional function
B. Conduct impulses inside the brain from one neuron to another
B. Support function
Answers: 9-d, 10-c, 11-a, 12-b, 13-c, 14-c, 15-a, 16-b, 17-a, 18-b