Obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation for a child at birth. What citizenship does a child born in Russia to foreign parents get?


The main happiness of any parents is the birth of children. But this event brings with it a huge number of questions. And probably the main one concerns the citizenship of the child. If one of the parents is a foreigner, then there may not be an automatic assignment of citizenship. It all depends on each specific situation.

The right of children to citizenship in Russia

Now many future parents are interested in whether it is possible to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation if the child was born in Russia, and if the child was born in Russia, what kind of citizenship does he have. The right of citizenship is regulated by Federal Law No. 62-FZ. According to this law, all children who belong to any of the categories can receive it:

A child born in Russia receives citizenship automatically if the mother and father are citizens of this country. If the parents are not citizens of the Russian Federation, and the child was born in the Russian Federation, then people will have to go through the usual registration procedure. If it is possible to satisfy the requirements of Law 62-FZ, confirming the presence of Russian citizenship, at least only of the father or mother, then the newborn will receive a birth certificate marked with a citizen Russian Federation.


If the baby does not have parents, then such situations are considered separately. According to modern standards, orphans become Russians if they have lived in the country for 6 or more months. This issue should be dealt with by the guardianship authorities or people working in the orphanage where the baby currently lives.

Design rules

The rules for obtaining citizenship have changed several times. Now all methods of acquisition are the same legal force although they have different shapes.

If the baby was born after 2007, then there will be no problems in acquiring citizenship of the Russian Federation. Such an operation can be performed immediately after the birth certificate has been received. It is only necessary to prove the legal connection of the parents with the Russian Federation. In this case, there will be an indication of belonging to the state on the birth certificate.

From 2002 to 2007, along with a birth certificate, children were issued an additional certificate confirming their belonging to Russia. This document was given immediately after the birth of the baby, in case the parents were able to prove Russian citizenship. Then these certificates were canceled, but to this day they have the same legal force as stamps.

If the baby was born before 2002, then in this case things are more complicated. You will need to prepare a package of documents.

List of documents:

  1. Birth certificate.
  2. Two statements that are available Russian citizenship.
  3. Copies and originals of standard civil passports.
  4. An extract from the house book confirming the residence permit at the time of 1992.

Children between the ages of 14 and 18 must notarize that they agree to receive Russian citizenship. Parents decide for children under 14 years of age.

One of the parents is a foreigner

It may turn out that at the time of the birth of the baby, one of the parents may be a foreigner (for example, a citizen of Armenia), the second Russian. The principle of blood in this case also works. The kid has full right obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation, even if the birth took place outside the Russian Federation.

In this case, there will be no automatic acquisition of citizenship. Recognition has to be self-initiated. You should submit an application and a package of all necessary documents to the immigration service.

List of required documents:

A complete list of all required documentation may be changed or supplemented. . A document on the change of personal data may be required(change of surname, name, etc.) or, for example, an adoption certificate.

Civil status serves as a legal confirmation of the connection of an individual with the state. Communication is formed from the date of birth. After the birth of a baby, parents should think about how to apply for citizenship for him. To do this, you need to know how the registration procedure is carried out, in what terms it is carried out.

Study there is no need to obtain civil status for a child if at least one parent the newborn has Russian citizenship. Citizenship also does not need to be issued if the baby was born in a family of foreigners or stateless persons who have the right to reside in the Russian Federation.

In such a situation, Russian citizenship is assigned to the baby automatically if the country whose parents are considered to be the child's parents refuses to do so.

Another condition for the automatic granting of civil status to an infant in Russia considered the disappearance of the parents. If they left the baby, Russian civil status is issued after six months.

How they do it in the Russian Federation

In order for a newborn to receive civil status in the Russian Federation, you need to get an extract from the maternity hospital. It is considered an important document and includes the following information:

  • day, month, year, time of birth;
  • gender of the child;
  • obstetrician information.

Having taken an extract, it is necessary to immediately prepare documents, because it is only valid for a month.
There are situations when childbirth does not take place in a medical institution, then an extract can be replaced by a statement written in any form. With him you need to visit the registry office. An application is required to issue a birth certificate.

If the child was born outside the borders of Russia, in order to issue a certificate, you will need to visit the embassy, ​​not forgetting to take foreign passports with you. Another necessary document marriage certificate is considered.

At the top left of the birth statement, the number of the record of the act is affixed. The petition is submitted to the registry office that registered the marriage. The surname, name, patronymic of the mother and father are written in the cap.
In the petition, the parents notify government bodies about the birth of a child. Parents provide the following information about themselves:

  • Full Name;
  • day, month, year, place of birth;
  • citizenship;
  • nationality;
  • registration address.

Signatures are put by both legal representatives. This application must be accompanied by medical certificate about birth.

Then you need to register the baby at the address of residence. Upon completion of the registration, you must visit the nearest branch of the Federal Migration Service and submit an application. Passports, birth certificate of the baby must be attached to it. The stamp is placed on the back of the birth certificate.

What documents are needed

In order to register a newborn at the place of residence, prepare:

  • petition of one of the parents;
  • an extract from the passport office confirming that the child was not registered at the place of residence of one of the parents;
  • extract from the house book;
  • parents' passports;
  • baby's birth certificate;
  • Marriage certificate;
  • written consent of one of the parents to register the baby.

Where to draw up

All documents can be V multifunctional center rendering public services . After the mother and father apply to this institution, a plastic folder is made. When the MFC employees complete all the documents, the baby's legal representatives will need to pick them up by visiting the institution again.

Why is it necessary to obtain citizenship for a child under 14 years of age?

Parents are not required to register the civil status of a child before the child reaches the age of fourteen. However, certain circumstances may arise in which it becomes necessary to issue citizenship to the baby. It is required if you:

  • planning to travel with the baby to another country;
  • submit documents for a passport;
  • issue a Russian passport to the child;
  • record information about the baby in your passport;
  • receive parent capital.

Reference! Articles 14, 25 and 26 of the Federal Law "On Citizenship" list the grounds on which a child can obtain Russian civil status in a simplified manner.

Registration of citizenship in non-standard situations

If a person was born before 07/01/2002 and still does not have civil status m, you will need to apply to the FMS with a petition. You will need to prepare documents confirming that the mother / father are considered Russian citizens.

Registration of citizenship for a baby, legal whose representatives are refugees is carried out taking into account the requirements of the law. It all depends on whether the parents have a RVP, a residence permit. Also, there should be no ban on registration of Russian civil status, coming from home country mother and father.

Registration of citizenship for a newborn is a procedure that is optional, but can greatly simplify life in the future. Having immediately issued a civil status for a baby, you can easily enroll him in a kindergarten or school in the future. You can also travel abroad. In view of this, it is still desirable to immediately give the child civil status in the Russian Federation.

Is it possible for a father or parents to make Russian citizenship if there is a son or children who were born in Russia? The right to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation have:

  1. Disabled persons who have an adult capable son or daughter - citizens of the Russian Federation.
  2. Persons who have a child who is a Russian, the second parent of which has died or is recognized by a court decision as missing, incompetent, with limited legal capacity, deprived of parental rights or limited in parental rights.
  3. Persons who have an adult incapable son or daughter, who are citizens of the Russian Federation, whose second parent has died or is recognized by a court decision as missing, incompetent, partially incapable, deprived of parental rights or limited in parental rights.

Is it possible to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation through a child if born in Russia? A child receives citizenship of the Russian Federation, not just being born in this territory. For this, certain conditions must be met.

So, if he was born on the territory of the Russian Federation and has one of the parents of a Russian, or both of his parents are citizens of another state that has not granted citizenship to the baby, or the location of his parents is not known, and of course in the case when the child has both Russian parents ( in this situation, the place of birth of the child does not matter), then such a baby acquires citizenship of the Russian Federation.

As can be seen from the above, to obtain citizenship for a child, it is not enough to give birth to him in the territory of the Russian Federation. A limited list of conditions serves as a deterrent against wholesale childbearing in the Russian Federation in order to obtain Russian citizenship in a simplified manner.

Confirmation of their rights to obtain Russian citizenship for children is the following:

  • In addition to the date and place of birth, the birth certificate contains information about parents and citizenship.
  • Provision of a child's birth certificate and passport, subject to the conditions described above, entitles the child to citizenship.

Algorithm

First steps

A foreign citizen who has a Russian child and wants to change his civil status can contact a specialist for advice on citizenship. So, he has the right to receive the service by coming to an appointment with a specialist or via the Internet.

Consideration procedure

An application for a temporary residence permit and a residence permit can be submitted electronically. In this case, the original documents and certified copies are submitted to the competent authorities on the day the permit or residence permit is received. Such a procedure is not possible in case of obtaining citizenship of the Russian Federation.

With the proper execution of documents, the period for considering an application for a temporary residence permit or residence permit varies from two to six months, for obtaining Russian citizenship - from three to six months.

Result

Documents checked and accepted official are subject to consideration in accordance with the Regulations on the procedure for considering issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation. The status of the consideration of the application can be tracked on the official website of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation - of course, with a reasonable approach. Do not check the status the next day after submission.

Conclusion

Obtaining citizenship by children is referred to as a simplified procedure. However, this does not mean that changing the status is very easy. The main task of the applicant is to choose the right option for acquiring citizenship. In order to prevent denial of citizenship, one should responsibly approach the execution of the necessary documents.

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The average standard of living in the Russian Federation is significantly higher than in other CIS countries. The flow of migrants to Russia annually amounts to thousands. Those who decide to stay in it forever, naturally, strive to obtain citizenship, it is precisely this that allows them to use the full range of political and economic rights. The grounds for acquiring civil status are different, depending on them, the terms for obtaining it also differ significantly. Let's talk about how the admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation by parents in 2020 is carried out.

How to become a citizen of the Russian Federation

Most of the inhabitants of our country became citizens of Russia automatically, that is, as a result of being born on its territory from Russian citizens. Those who are less fortunate have to go through a multi-stage and lengthy procedure to become its citizens.

IN general order you need to go through the following steps:

  1. It is legal to arrive in Russia and register with the migration authorities.
  2. Apply for a temporary residence permit (TRP). The document is issued for three years, but after a year you can apply for registration next document called a residence permit (permit).
  3. Application for a residence permit and its execution. After five years of residence in the Russian Federation, on the basis of this document, you can apply for a desire to become a citizen of the Russian Federation.
  4. Applying for citizenship of the Russian Federation and acquiring the status of a citizen.

At all stages, except for the first, it is necessary to pass an exam on knowledge of the Russian language and the basics of the history of Russia and its laws. In addition, you will have to undergo a medical examination for the absence of diseases dangerous to others and go through a lot of other bureaucratic procedures. You can get rejected at every step. Taking into account the time established by the legislation for consideration of the issue and decision-making at each stage, admission to the citizenship of the Russian Federation at common grounds takes about eight years.

How to become a citizen of the Russian Federation in a simplified manner

The Russian Federation considers itself the legal successor Russian Empire And Soviet Union and undertakes to care not only for foreigners who make a significant contribution to its economy, but also for persons who have or had ascendant relatives who lived on the lands of Russia and the predecessor states, as well as for persons who themselves lived in the territories these states.

Article 14 of the Federal Law of May 31, 2002 No. 62-FZ “On Citizenship of the Russian Federation” contains a list of grounds on which one can become a Russian citizen under a simplified procedure:

  • born of at least one parent who lives in the Russian Federation and is its citizen;
  • persons former citizens the USSR, residing on the territory of the states that emerged after its collapse, and who have not issued any other passport;
  • persons who were born in the RSFSR and were citizens of the USSR;
  • a foreigner who is legally married to a Russian woman for at least 3 years;
  • persons who have received the status of a native speaker of the Russian language.

In a simplified procedure, it is usually possible to become a citizen of Russia within one year.

Registration of citizenship in three months

Some categories of people who have the right to obtain a Russian passport under a simplified procedure, namely those born from Russian citizens and persons who are native speakers of the Russian language, can become citizens of the Russian Federation in a short period of 3 months. Please note that “native Russian speaker” is an official status given to people who are not only fluent in Russian, but also have a blood connection with Russia.

Acquisition of a Russian Indigenat by Parents

When obtaining Russian citizenship by birth in the Russian Federation, the principle of blood applies, that is, it is assigned to persons who are born of Russian citizens. Obtaining citizenship for a child, if the parents are citizens of the Russian Federation and live in Russia, usually does not present any problems, and legal status assigned automatically. However, this automatism implies the timely submission by parents to the registry office of all the necessary papers confirming both the fact of the birth of a child precisely from these parents, and the fact of their Russian citizenship. From this point of view, the answer to the question of whether it is necessary to register citizenship for a child, if both parents are citizens of the Russian Federation, should be given a positive one.

Inserts on citizenship of the Russian Federation to the birth certificate of children of the Russian sample were canceled in 2006. However, in some cases, when traveling abroad, for example, a note of Russian citizenship is required in the birth certificate.

In general, the process of acquiring civil status and its documenting children by parents - citizens of the Russian Federation as much as possible is facilitated. But this happens only when both parents of the child are Russians and the child was born on the territory of our country. In other cases, the process is more complicated.

Conditions and grounds

It should be clearly understood that when talking about acquiring citizenship by birthright, it is not only about children. On this basis Russian passport can be obtained by adults, including the elderly. If the mother is a citizen of Russia, like the father of the child, certain difficulties arise only when born abroad. In particular, for obtaining a birth certificate, subject to permanent residence abroad, please contact diplomatic missions RF in the country of residence.

The situation is more difficult in other circumstances. In this case, the acquisition of Russian citizenship depends on the following conditions:

  1. When changing the citizenship of the whole family or its individual representatives. If both parents acquire the citizenship of the Russian Federation, then their minor children can acquire citizenship together with them. When the civil status is changed by only one parent, for example, the mother is a citizen of the Russian Federation, and the father retains the previous one, the child can be admitted to Russian citizenship only with the written and certified consent of the father.
  2. If a child is born in a mixed marriage of citizens different countries or when one of the parents is stateless, the situation becomes more complicated. For example, if the father is a citizen of Russia, and the mother is a foreigner and the child was born in the Russian Federation, in order to assign him Russian citizenship, a certified written consent of the mother is required. If the child was born abroad, then permits may also be required from the diplomatic department of the country of birth.
  3. If we are talking about the admission to the indigenat of the Russian Federation of adults, one or both of whose parents originally had or previously acquired Russian citizenship, then the process is carried out according to a simplified procedure.

Registration procedure

For those who are interested in how to obtain citizenship of the Russian Federation for a child, if one of the parents is a citizen of the Russian Federation, we will answer that you should go through the procedure established by law. Naturally, this will require a certain amount of effort, time and money, but it is impossible to get around it and you should fully adhere to the registration procedure.

Where to go

Obtaining civil status can be carried out both on the territory of Russia and abroad. If citizenship for children - citizens of the Russian Federation is issued abroad, parents should contact the Embassy (or consulate) of the Russian Federation in the host country and go through the entire formal procedure there.

If a foreigner has already arrived in our country, is on its territory for legal grounds and wants to reunite with his family, for which he needs to acquire Russian citizenship by parent, then territorial body The Main Directorate for Migration Issues (GUVM) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation at the place of registration will carry out the admission procedure.

What documents are needed

Russian state in order to national security wishes to receive documented information about a person applying for entry into her citizenship. Interested in personal and biographical data, information about education, health and confirmation of the grounds for obtaining civil status. Entry into the citizenship of the Russian Federation by father or mother is no exception, and therefore all the established documents will have to be provided in any case.

In addition, if some or all of the required papers are on foreign language, you will need a notarized translation into Russian. Although in some documents of the CIS countries, for example, in the internal passport of Ukraine of the old sample (in the form of a booklet), there is such a translation inside.

The list of documents for citizenship by parents includes:

  1. Application of the established form.
  2. Documents proving the identity of the applicant. In the standard case, this is a national passport for an adult or a birth certificate for a child. In the case we are describing, a birth certificate will also be required for adults to confirm the grounds for obtaining citizenship through kinship with Russian citizens.
  3. Documents confirming the applicant's relationship with Russian citizens, and documents proving the identity and Russian citizenship of the parents.
  4. Medical conclusion about the absence of diseases dangerous to others. We are talking about an open form of tuberculosis, venereal diseases, AIDS and drug addiction (when obtaining the status of a citizen of the Russian Federation on the basis of kinship, the presence of HIV is not an obstacle).
  5. Photos.
  6. Receipt for payment of state duty.
  7. Certificate of Education and Diploma educational institution, if available.

Processing time

As we wrote earlier, the timing of obtaining Russian citizenship significantly depends on the grounds on which it is assigned, for example, for a mother who is a citizen of Russia or for a Russian father, a simplified registration scheme is provided, which takes significantly less time. Instead of the standard 8 years, it will take no more than 1 year, but usually the period is even shorter and does not exceed 3 months.

Cost of the procedure

The main cost item for persons seeking to acquire citizenship of the Russian Federation is National tax. In 2020, its amount is 3,500 rubles, while it is the same for those who apply for citizenship on a general basis, and for those who receive a simplified scheme. Obtaining civil status by kinship does not exempt from paying this fee.

In addition to the fee, expenses for photographing, making copies and translating documents can be included in the expense item.

Is it possible to refuse

Russia, like all countries of the world, seeks to attract law-abiding people to its territory who do not have diseases dangerous to others and are loyal to the state. If these conditions are not met, citizenship may be denied.

Conclusion

The presence of parents - citizens of Russia is the basis and greatly facilitates the acquisition of citizenship of our country. Newborn children, if both of their parents are Russians, become citizens of the Russian Federation automatically. For the rest, the registration of Russian citizenship by kinship occurs according to a simplified procedure, which rarely lasts more than three months.

Simplified procedure for obtaining Russian citizenship: Video

When a baby is born, parents face the question of the child's nationality. For Russian parents, the assignment procedure will not take much time. But there are special cases when the process may require additional documents.

Registration of citizenship of the Russian Federation for an infant is not a mandatory procedure. If there is no need, then the question can be postponed until the age of 14. No monetary fines or sanctions are provided by law during this period.

But they usually deal with the issue much earlier, since status is a condition for receiving certain public services.

Citizenship for a child will be required for the following procedures:

  • Traveling abroad - going on vacation with a baby will only work if you have the appropriate documents;
  • Maternal capital - required condition subsidies;
  • To mark in the parent's passport;
  • Enroll in school / kindergarten - the most important point;
  • Make a border child passport.

With the onset of 14 years, a teenager receives an internal passport of a standard form.

How and where to apply for citizenship of a newborn child

The procedure begins with the collection of a package of documents and submitting it to the Migration Department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. There is no state duty, the procedure is free.

The list of required papers in the standard version (when both parents are citizens of the Russian Federation) is as follows:

  • Birth certificate;
  • Birth certificate;
  • Parent's ID;
  • Marriage certificate.

We will analyze the process of obtaining citizenship in stages.

Certificate and birth certificate

First of all, they receive the main document of the newborn - a birth certificate. It is prepared by employees medical institution where the birth took place.

The document contains the following data:

  • Gender of the baby;
  • Name medical organization in which the birth took place;
  • Obstetrician data;
  • Date and exact time of birth.

A birth certificate will be required for registration at the city registry office, where they receive a birth certificate. In addition to a certificate from the maternity hospital, you must provide parents' passports and a marriage certificate. It is preferable to apply at the place of residence of the parents (or one of the parents). If this is not possible, then registration at the place of birth is provided.

The service can also be obtained using new public services - at the MFC or on the website of the State Services:

  • everything happens in a similar way - a package of documents is submitted, then the parents take the certificate;
  • the case is somewhat different. An online application is created on the site. She goes to information system registry office is being processed. Then a notification comes that the certificate is ready and you can pick it up.

Citizenship

The procedure is within the competence of the Main Department of Internal Affairs of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Having collected the documents (meaning passports and birth certificates), the father and mother should contact the FMS department and write an application. The procedure takes at most an hour, the FMS employees put a stamp on the certificate and enter information into the parents' passports - the child's citizenship has been issued.

Attention! There are minor documentary differences depending on the year of birth.

How to obtain citizenship for a newborn child in special situations

The legislation provides for several cases of registration of citizenship:

  • Both are citizens of Russia. Regardless of the place (including the country) of birth, the infant receives Russian citizenship;
  • Father or mother is an immigrant. If a newborn was born in the Russian Federation, then he is guaranteed Russian citizenship. But a child born abroad will be considered a stateless person for the authorities of the Russian Federation;
  • The first parent is Russian citizen. The second is in one of the statuses - evades recognition (this also includes a divorce), is listed as missing, or the identity of the parent has not been established;
  • Both are foreign subjects. If immigrants live on the territory of Russia, and the child was born here, then citizenship is allowed under one condition - the father's / mother's native state refuses to assign citizenship;
  • The child was left an orphan - after six months, the newborn is granted citizenship of the Russian Federation.

On the whole, the grounds can be formulated by the expression - there is the right of blood and the right of soil. This refers to family ties and place of birth. Let's take a closer look at each of the options.

Both citizens of the Russian Federation

It has been discussed above. The procedure takes a minimum amount of time. But there is an important addition. If the birth took place abroad, then you should contact the consulate of the Russian Federation / diplomatic mission, and not the department of the Federal Migration Service. Everything happens in the same way.

The most important document will be the local birth certificate. It must be translated into Russian, notarized and presented at the consulate. To legitimize the status, the data is entered into a foreign passport.

Father or mother is a foreigner

When one of the parents is a migrant, and the other is a Russian, the place of birth becomes the decisive factor, the so-called right of the soil comes into force:

  1. If the child was born in the Russian Federation, then from additional papers (other than the standard case), the written consent of the foreign parent will be required;
  2. Second option- the birth took place in the territory of the native state of the foreign parent. Then the newborn is provided for the citizenship of this country.

There is another possibility - the child was born neither in the Russian Federation, nor in the territory of the migrant's home state. Perhaps this is the most difficult case, since the law of the soil in each country is interpreted differently. For example, in the United States, an infant will be eligible for United States citizenship.

Location unknown/divorce/denial evasion

In the event of divorce and evasion of recognition, all parental rights passed to one of the parents.

The procedure for obtaining is exactly the same, but one of the papers is additionally required:

  • Certificate of termination of parental rights;
  • Certificate stating that the father / mother is missing.

Both foreign nationals

A child of migrants cannot obtain Russian citizenship solely by the right of soil. Exists important condition- the native state must refuse to obtain its citizenship. As a rule, this happens very rarely. Those who wish only have a long way through migration services, RVP, permanent residence (for a newborn) and so on.

Orphan

Since Russia takes part in an international agreement aimed at reducing the number of stateless people in the world, all orphans are entitled to Russian citizenship. If the baby's parents do not make themselves known within six months, the child is recognized as an orphan, and responsibility for upbringing and maintenance passes into the field of the Russian authorities.

Therefore, employees of the Federal Migration Service, orphanages and relevant departments deal with all the paperwork and procedures.

The right of soil and the right of blood are not always understood unambiguously by the authorities. For example, for orphans, the place of birth is a determining factor. But for children of migrants with the same place of birth, the right of soil will not apply. It should be noted that the examples above cover most cases, but there are still nuances that can play decisive role.