Analysis looms. What is the initial form? Cm

Found morphological analyzes "overhanging" - 1

Option No. 1 “loomed” - Verb

• Part of speech:
  Part of speech of the word looming - Verb
• Morphological characteristics:
  • Initial form: hang over
  • Constant signs: perfective, intransitive, irrevocable
  • Variable signs: past tense, singular, feminine, indicative
• The syntactic role of the word “loomed” in a sentence: depends on the context of the sentence.
• Word forms: looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming looming

Morphological analysis of the word “loomed”

Full morphological analysis of the word "loomed": Part of speech, initial form, morphological features and word forms.

The direction of the science of language, where the word is studied as a part of speech, is called morphology. Do morphological analysis- means to characterize a word as a part of speech: to give a description of its semantic meaning, grammatical properties and the role that the word plays in the corresponding sentence.

Morphological analysis of the word "loomed" compiled according to the dictionary.

There may be several morphological analyzes of this word, since the same word in Russian is often found as different parts of speech. Therefore, choose the analysis of exactly the part of speech that is indicated in your task. Good luck in your studies!

See also in other dictionaries:

The composition of the word is hanging: the root of the word, the suffix, the prefix and the ending.... Morphemic parsing words hung over the composition

The stress in the word navisla: which syllable the stress falls on and how... The word "navisla" is correctly written as... Emphasis on the word hanging

In this lesson, you will remember what a verb is, learn the features of the indefinite form of the verb, its syntactic role in a sentence, and consolidate the knowledge gained.

In the present tense verb, it is necessary to indicate the person, the attitude of the speaker to the action, if I perform the action I - I do, If You - you are doing.

The verb category exists in all languages, but not all languages ​​have verbs that behave the same way. For example, in a Russian verb everything is obvious - there is time (present, future, past). But in Arabic there is no time, that is, we cannot determine the time by the form of the verb. To do this, you need to use words from a different part of speech, for example Today, Now etc. More detailed information can be found at the link in the supplementary materials.

But the verb also has the most uninformative form. It cannot be used to determine gender, number, person, time, or mood. This form is called indefinite form of the verb , it is the dictionary for the verb and the initial form in morphological analysis. Based on the indefinite form of the verb, we can determine only constant features: aspect, transitivity, conjugation (not always).

Indefinite verb form (infinitive)- this is a form of the verb by which we can determine only constant features (reflexivity, aspect, transitivity).

For example:

go the road(Fig. 2) is a transitive verb, it controls a noun in the accusative case, without a preposition. We defined it by the indefinite form.

Rice. 2. Children crossing the road ()Go - the verb is intransitive, this is also clear from the indefinite form.

Study - a reflexive verb because it has a suffix -xia.

Learn - irreflexive verb (Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. The boy teaches lessons ()

News (what to do?) - imperfect species.

Take away (what to do?) - perfect view.

But for none of these verbs we can determine neither the tense, nor the person, nor the number.

The infinitive form of a verb is usually formed using suffixes - you And - t. For example:

sing- suffix -th(Fig. 4)

Rice. 4. Children sing ()

row- suffix -ty

wash your face- suffix -th, which stands in front -xia

But sometimes the infinitive ends in -whose, which arose from the combination - To or -G With -ty. Verb cut formed like this: it was I cut my hair + you - cut hair(there was for a long time). Here's another example: I'm baking + you - bake, and from the word bake arose bake.

Suffixes -ty, -th And -whose in some textbooks and in some theories they are usually highlighted as the ending. In general, this is logical, because they form the form of the word and are not part of the stem. But we know that the infinitive is an unchangeable form of the verb, that there is a formative suffix in the Russian language, which is also not part of the stem, for example the suffix -l.

Formative suffixes -th And -l-

bake(suffix -whose-) - baked(suffix -l-)

try(suffix -th) - tried(suffix -l-)

Infinitive - This is a dictionary form. That is, if you need to look up words in the dictionary ran, I'm coming, looks, you won't find them in this form. You will have to put them in an indefinite form:

run

go

look

Therefore, foreigners also need to be able to put a verb into the indefinite form in order to find out its translation.

Let's see how this helps us cope with the verb conjugation rule. We need to find out how to spell the verb:

continue...t

To do this, put it in the initial form:

continue

We look: before the suffix -th is written -And-, means the verb in IIconjugation and at the end we write And - continuing And T.

But actually it is not. The error occurred because we initially put the verb in the wrong initial form. You need to remember very well that the type of verb is a constant feature. And if in personal form we have an imperfect appearance ( what is he doing?), then the indefinite form must also have an imperfect form:

continue (what to do?).

And from an indefinite form continue (what to do?) of the perfective form also forms the personal form of the perfective form - will continue (what will he do?).

The difficulty may be associated not only with the type of verb, but also with its meaning. For example, let's take the verb I'm running and put it in an indefinite form - run(but not run). Although both of these verbs are imperfect ( what to do?), but their meanings are different. Run- this is a single action, and run- repetitive (the personal form of it will be - runs). The same with the words:

we'll approve - approve, but not will approve b. From the word approve we form a shape we approve.

visits - hang around, but not come in, from which the personal form is comes in.

Care must be taken to maintain the stem suffix and the meaning of the verb.

There are assignments in the additional materials. Be sure to practice to see if you can put the verb into the indefinite form correctly.

This is the first difficulty we have with the infinitive form of the verb. The second difficulty is that, even if you correctly put the verb into the indefinite form, you still need to know how it is written. Consider the list of verbs to memorize:

verbs starting with -yat:sow, soar, bay, melt, winnow, cherish, repent, start, bark, toil, bleat, find fault, smell, tea, hope, bow, cough.

verb in -it:glue

With the advent of electronic dictionaries, foreigners have much fewer difficulties. Electronic dictionaries recognize the form of a verb and immediately determine its meaning. But you need to know that the basis of all electronic dictionaries is the manual work of one person - Andrey Anatolyevich Zaliznyak(Fig. 5). He compiled "Grammar Dictionary of the Russian Language".

Rice. 5. A.A. Zaliznyak ()

Just imagine what a great job he did. Collected all forms of all words in the Russian language. Then he classified them according to the methods of inflection and created a dictionary so accurate and correct that it can be used in programming. Just electronic version this dictionary formed the basis of most modern computer programs, working with Russian morphology, spell checking systems (what is underlined in red in Word) and machine translation, automatic abstracting.

The syntactic role of the infinitive needs to be discussed separately, because it is truly unusual. The infinitive behaves in a sentence in a completely surprising way. He behaves like normal people do. nouns And adjectives, that is, it acts in a role that is completely unusual for a verb.

The infinitive quite often plays the role of subject(which is completely unusual for a verb).

Or as an addition:

Asked(about what?) give away - addition. We even put the question in case, which is not at all natural for a verb.

Or as a circumstance:

We've arrived(For what?) discuss - circumstance of the goal.

The definition of an infinitive can also be:

Wish(which?) express .

The predicate infinitive can also be:

Warn - this is a predicate.

Verb- is an independent part of speech that denotes the action of an object and answers questions what to do? what to do?.

The meaning of action and process in a Russian verb is expressed in the categories of aspect, mood, tense (in the indicative mood), person (in the present and future tense and in the imperative mood), number, and in the past tense and in the conditional mood - and in the form of gender.

In addition, the verb has such properties as reflexivity and transitivity.

In a sentence, the verb is characterized, first of all, by the role of the predicate, but it can also perform other syntactic functions (subject, object, modifier and adverbial).

Bibliography

1. Razumovskaya M.M., Lvova S.I. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 13th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2009.
2. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. and others. Russian language. 7th grade. Textbook. - 34th ed. - M.: Education, 2012.
3. Russian language. Practice. 7th grade. Ed. S.N. Pimenova - 19th ed. - M.: Bustard, 2012.
4. Lvova S.I., Lvov V.V. Russian language. 7th grade. In 3 parts - 8th ed. - M.: Mnemosyne, 2012.

1. Postnauka.ru ().
2. Postnauka.ru ().
3. Wikipedia ().

Homework

• Define terms such as verb And infinitive .
• Read the words and determine their initial form:

I walked, thought, played, retrieved, washed, cooked.

• Learn seventeen verbs in -yat and one on -it and remember their spelling.

Morphology deals with the form of a word. Variable words have forms. One of the forms is usually called initial. The initial form is the form in which the word is given in dictionaries.

For nouns the initial form is the singular form, I.p., for example: school, class, night .

For adjectives- singular, m.r., for example: blue, winter, fox .

For numerals the initial form is:
for quantitative - I.p., for example: ten, one hundred ,
for ordinal - singular, m.r., I.p., for example: second, hundredth .

Note:

For verbs* the initial form is the infinitive form of the verb (=infinitive), for example: smile, think, play .

Note:

For participles, the initial form of the verb is determined differently.

This depends on the interpretation of the nature of the participle.

If participles are defined as special shape verb, then the initial form will be the indefinite form of the verb, for example: smile, build.
If participles are defined as an independent part of speech, then the initial form is considered to be singular, m.r., I.p., for example: smiling, built. For more information on the nature of the sacrament, see

1. Independent parts of speech:

• nouns (see morphological norms of nouns);
• Verbs:
• • participles;
  • participles;
• adjectives;
• numerals;
• pronouns;
• adverbs;

2. Functional parts of speech:

• prepositions;
• unions;
• particles;

3. Interjections.

The following do not fall into any of the classifications (according to the morphological system) of the Russian language:

• the words yes and no, if they act as an independent sentence.
• introductory words: so, by the way, total, as a separate sentence, as well as a number of other words.

Morphological analysis of a noun

• initial form in the nominative case, singular (with the exception of nouns used only in the plural: scissors, etc.);
• proper or common noun;
• animate or inanimate;
• gender (m,f, avg.);
• number (singular, plural);
• declination;
• case;
• syntactic role in a sentence.

Plan for morphological analysis of a noun

"The baby drinks milk."

Baby (answers the question who?) – noun;

• initial form - baby;
• constant morphological features: animate, common noun, concrete, masculine, 1st declension;
• inconsistent morphological features: nominative case, singular;
• when parsing a sentence, it plays the role of subject.

Morphological analysis of the word “milk” (answers the question of whom? What?).

• initial form – milk;
• constant morphological characteristics of the word: neuter, inanimate, real, common noun, II declension;
• variable morphological features: accusative case, singular;
• direct object in the sentence.

Here is another example of how to make a morphological analysis of a noun, based on a literary source:

"Two ladies ran up to Luzhin and helped him get up. He began to knock the dust off his coat with his palm. (example from: “Luzhin’s Defense”, Vladimir Nabokov)."

Ladies (who?) - noun;

• initial form - queen;
• constant morphological features: common noun, animate, concrete, female, I declension;
• fickle morphological characteristics of the noun: singular, genitive case;
• syntactic role: part of the subject.

Luzhin (to whom?) - noun;

• initial form - Luzhin;
• faithful morphological characteristics of the word: proper name, animate, concrete, masculine, mixed declension;
• inconsistent morphological features of the noun: singular, dative case;

Palm (with what?) - noun;

• initial shape - palm;
• constant morphological features: feminine, inanimate, common noun, concrete, I declension;
• inconsistent morpho. signs: singular, instrumental case;
• syntactic role in context: addition.

Dust (what?) - noun;

• initial form - dust;
• main morphological features: common noun, material, feminine, singular, animate not characterized, III declension (noun with zero ending);
• fickle morphological characteristics of the word: accusative case;
• syntactic role: addition.

(c) Coat (Why?) - noun;

• the initial form is a coat;
• constant correct morphological characteristics of the word: inanimate, common noun, specific, neuter, indeclinable;
• morphological features are inconsistent: the number cannot be determined from the context, genitive case;
• syntactic role as a member of a sentence: addition.

Morphological analysis of the adjective

An adjective is a significant part of speech. Answers the questions Which? Which? Which? Which? and characterizes the characteristics or qualities of an object. Table of morphological features of the adjective name:

• initial form in the nominative case, singular, masculine;
• constant morphological features of adjectives:
• • rank according to the value:
  • • - quality (warm, silent);
    • - relative (yesterday, reading);
    • - possessive (hare, mother);
  • degree of comparison (for quality ones, for which this feature is constant);
  • full / short form(for quality ones, for which this sign is constant);
• inconsistent morphological features of the adjective:
• • qualitative adjectives vary according to the degree of comparison (in comparative degrees the simple form, in superlative degrees - complex): beautiful - more beautiful - the most beautiful;
  • full or short form (qualitative adjectives only);
  • gender marker (singular only);
  • number (agrees with the noun);
  • case (agrees with the noun);
• syntactic role in a sentence: an adjective can be a definition or part of a compound nominal predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of the adjective

Example sentence:

The full moon rose over the city.

Full (what?) – adjective;

• initial form – full;
• constant morphological features of the adjective: qualitative, full form;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: in a positive (zero) degree of comparison, feminine (consistent with the noun), nominative case;
• by syntactic analysis - minor member sentences, serves as a definition.

Here is another whole literary passage and morphological analysis of the adjective, using examples:

The girl was beautiful: slender, thin, blue eyes, like two amazing sapphires, looking into your soul.

Beautiful (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - beautiful (in this meaning);
• constant morphological norms: qualitative, brief;
• inconstant signs: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine;

Slender (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - slender;
• constant morphological characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: full, positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the predicate.

Thin (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - thin;
• morphological constant characteristics: qualitative, complete;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the adjective: positive degree of comparison, singular, feminine, nominative case;
• syntactic role: part of the predicate.

Blue (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - blue;
• table of constant morphological features of the adjective name: qualitative;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics: full, positive degree of comparison, plural, nominative case;
• syntactic role: definition.

Amazing (what?) - adjective;

• initial form - amazing;
• constant characteristics of morphology: relative, expressive;
• inconsistent morphological features: plural, genitive case;
• syntactic role in a sentence: part of the circumstance.

Morphological features of the verb

According to the morphology of the Russian language, a verb is an independent part of speech. It can denote an action (to walk), a property (to limp), an attitude (to be equal), a state (to rejoice), a sign (to turn white, to show off) of an object. Verbs answer the question what to do? what to do? what is he doing? what did you do? or what will it do? Different groups of verbal word forms have heterogeneous morphological characteristics and grammatical features.

Morphological forms of verbs:

• the initial form of the verb is the infinitive. It is also called the indefinite or unchangeable form of the verb. There are no variable morphological features;
• conjugated (personal and impersonal) forms;
• inconjugated forms: participles and participles.

Morphological analysis of the verb

• initial form - infinitive;
• constant morphological features of the verb:
• • transitivity:
  • • transitive (used with accusative case nouns without a preposition);
    • intransitive (not used with a noun in the accusative case without a preposition);
  • repayment:
  • • returnable (there is -sya, -sya);
    • irrevocable (no -sya, -sya);
  • • imperfect (what to do?);
    • perfect (what to do?);
  • conjugation:
  • • I conjugation (do-eat, do-e, do-eat, do-e, do-ut/ut);
    • II conjugation (sto-ish, sto-it, sto-im, sto-ite, sto-yat/at);
    • mixed verbs (want, run);
• inconsistent morphological features of the verb:
• • mood:
  • • indicative: what did you do? What did you do? what is he doing? what will he do?;
    • conditional: what would you do? what would you do?;
    • imperative: do!;
  • time (in the indicative mood: past/present/future);
  • person (in the present/future tense, indicative and imperative: 1st person: I/we, 2nd person: you/you, 3rd person: he/they);
  • gender (past tense, singular, indicative and conditional);
  • number;
• syntactic role in a sentence. The infinitive can be any part of the sentence:
• • predicate: To be a holiday today;
  • subject: Learning is always useful;
  • addition: All the guests asked her to dance;
  • definition: He had an irresistible desire to eat;
  • circumstance: I went out for a walk.

Morphological analysis of verb example

To understand the scheme, let’s conduct a written analysis of the morphology of the verb using the example of a sentence:

God somehow sent a piece of cheese to the crow... (fable, I. Krylov)

Sent (what did you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - send;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: indicative mood, past tense, masculine, singular;

Next online sample morphological analysis verb in a sentence:

What silence, listen.

Listen (what do you do?) - verb;

• initial form - listen;
• morphological constant features: perfective aspect, intransitive, reflexive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the word: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Plan for morphological analysis of verbs online for free, based on an example from a whole paragraph:

He needs to be warned.

No need, let him know next time how to break the rules.

What are the rules?

Wait, I'll tell you later. Has entered! (“Golden Calf”, I. Ilf)

Caution (what to do?) - verb;

• initial form - warn;
• morphological features of the verb are constant: perfective, transitive, irrevocative, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphology of part of speech: infinitive;
• syntactic function in a sentence: component predicate.

Let him know (what is he doing?) - verb part of speech;

• initial form - know;
• inconsistent verb morphology: imperative, singular, 3rd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Violate (what to do?) - the word is a verb;

• initial form - violate;
• constant morphological features: imperfect form, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconstant features of the verb: infinitive (initial form);
• syntactic role in context: part of the predicate.

Wait (what will you do?) - part of speech verb;

• initial form - wait;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irrevocable, transitional, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: imperative mood, plural, 2nd person;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.

Entered (what did you do?) - verb;

• initial form - enter;
• constant morphological features: perfective aspect, irreversible, intransitive, 1st conjugation;
• inconsistent morphological characteristics of the verb: past tense, indicative mood, singular, masculine;
• syntactic role in a sentence: predicate.