Basic rights and obligations of a person and a citizen of the Russian Federation. How are the rights and obligations of a citizen connected: everything you need to know The essence of legal relations and what is the relationship between the rights and obligations of citizens
Russia has a constitution and legislative documents on the basis of which all spheres of life are regulated. There are also acts of international law, agreements, principles of the UN. The most important in the country are the rights and obligations of citizens, which are mandatory. In case of their violation, liability is provided.
Connection
How are the rights and duties of a citizen related? The two concepts are always used together. This is due to the fact that the existence of a right creates an obligation to fulfill it by other persons. All people have them. Every person has the right to life, and others are obliged to respect it and not violate it.
How are the rights and duties of a citizen still connected? Reasonable use is important. Since people have the right to life, it means that they have the duty to dispose of it reasonably, within the limits of the laws, without prejudice to the interests of other people.
Why is a connection required?
The principles of these concepts are enshrined in legislation. It also indicates how the rights and obligations of a citizen are connected. Social science allows you to teach these concepts to schoolchildren. The connection of these terms is necessary to regulate the actions of citizens and the state, so that there is no infringement of rights.
The legal system is designed to ensure a comfortable life for people. If the subject has many rights, then there are many duties. This is necessary to ensure that there is no abuse of power by the authorities. In this case, justice is achieved.
How the rights and obligations of a citizen are connected can be understood by an example. When they are absent, then anarchy reigns in the state. There would be lawlessness of the authorities and people, because no laws could fight it. Life in such a country cannot be considered comfortable, because a person will not be able to fully develop.
Main rights
To understand how the rights and duties of a citizen are connected, it is necessary to turn to the history of antiquity and the Middle Ages. At that time, there was no correlation between these concepts, because of which arbitrariness was created. Slaves had only prohibitions, for non-compliance with which cruel punishments were provided. And their owners had practically the same rights, which gave them the opportunity to do various things, most of which were illegal.
Previously, people did not know how these concepts could be related. Now their list is regularly updated. They are included in the Constitution, legislative documents. It indicates how the rights and obligations of a citizen are connected. In short, we can say that they are necessary for the normal life of people.
All people have the right to life, freedom, voice. Also, a person can get an education, be protected. This gives rise to responsibilities. These include a reasonable disposal of freedom, restriction of freedom of speech, so as not to offend other people.
Responsibilities
The legislation provides for liability for non-fulfillment of obligations. A person must pay taxes that are spent on improving infrastructure, social payments. The tradition of mandatory fees has existed since ancient times.
Defense of the Fatherland also falls on the shoulders of citizens. For this, men from the age of 18 serve in the army. Citizens must protect environment, otherwise ecological situation will be unfavorable, and this will harm people.
For non-fulfillment of rights and obligations, a citizen is subject to sanctions. Depending on the violation, different measures can be taken. These include the payment of a fine, imprisonment, compulsory works. Understanding and accepting responsibility for everything allows you to ensure order in the country.
How are the rights and obligations of a citizen connected: 2 types of rights and obligations + 2 groups constitutional freedoms+ 27 main articles of the Constitution, which list the rights and obligations Russian citizens.
Human freedoms are values that are protected in any civilized society. Neither the state nor individual citizens can encroach on them.
But you can not have rights, but not have duties. These are interrelated concepts that can be fully realized only in a state that functions according to legal and democratic principles.
As an adult responsible person, you should know how the rights and duties of a citizen are connected, what official documents they are protected.
What is meant by the rights and duties of a citizen?
Sometimes you can hear from statesmen the opinion that our wonderful state grants rights to its citizens.
Such a statement is fundamentally wrong, since a person is born free and has a number of opportunities. And the state only acts as a guarantor and protector, provided that we are talking about a democratic legal power.
The rights of citizens of the Russian Federation can be divided into two groups:
Natural.
Those with which a person is already born and which no one can take away from him. These include the right to life, freedom, love, happiness, the possibility of movement, etc.
Positive.
Those that are enshrined in the legislative acts of the Russian Federation and in its main document - the Constitution. For example, this is an opportunity to determine one's nationality, receive a general education, protect one's personal life from prying eyes, etc.
According to the same principle, the duties of citizens of the Russian Federation are classified:
- Natural, based on natural rights. These include the need for the inviolability of the life of another person, the safety of his health, etc.
- Positive - are formed from positive rights, which are enshrined in the acts of the Russian Federation. For example: taking care of historical monuments, getting an education, paying taxes, etc.
The natural ones are universal, but the positive ones depend on the state, because the legislative framework of the states differs significantly.
Constitutional rights and obligations of a Russian citizen
It is considered to be independent legal entity a person becomes only when he turns 18 years old.
This does not mean that children are absolutely powerless creatures, they owe nothing and no one, just because of their age there are a number of restrictions that do not apply to adults.
The legal status of a citizen is confirmed by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, namely, its second chapter.
All rights and obligations are usually divided into 3 main groups:
- personal;
- political;
- socio-economic.
1. Personal rights of a Russian citizen.
Personal rights are perhaps the most basic for every person.
Their distinguishing feature in that they belong to every individual by birth and cannot be taken away under any conditions, since their action ceases immediately with the death of the subject.
Despite the fact that they are reflected in the main legislative acts, they are basically universal, that is, they are typical not only for Russians, but also for residents of other countries.
Personal constitutional rights | Article of the constitution | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
For life | 20 | This - natural law a person whose protection covers a wide range of active actions of all state and public structures, each specific person to create and maintain a safe social and natural habitat, living conditions. |
To protect the dignity of the individual by the state | 21 | Respect for the dignity of the individual is an essential feature of a civilized society. Nothing can be grounds for belittling him. Any measures of influence on the misbehavior of a person should not be associated with the derogation of his dignity. The Constitution establishes that no one shall be subjected to torture, violence, other cruel or degrading treatment or punishment. |
Liberty and personal integrity | 22 | You can only arrest a person judgment. Without such a decision law enforcement not entitled to keep the detainee in custody for longer than two days. And ordinary people who do not serve in the police generally do not have the right to keep someone by force. |
On immunity privacy, personal and family secrets, protection of one's honor and good name for the safety of personal information | 23, 24 | Your correspondence, telephone conversations, personal communication is protected by law. Information about this can only be used by court order. Collection, storage, use and dissemination of information about the private life of a person without his consent is not allowed. |
To the inviolability of the home | 25 | No one has the right to enter a dwelling against the will of the persons living in it, except in the cases established by federal law or based on a court order. |
To freedom of movement | 27 | You can choose to live in any locality Russian Federation, as well as - to travel outside its borders and return back. |
To freedom of conscience, thought and speech, to the choice of nationality and religion | 26, 28, 29 | You can think and say what you think is right, if your words do not offend another person, do not sow enmity. You also have the right to choose your nationality and religious affiliation. |
Naturally, the presence of all these personal rights imposes responsibility on you, and each of them is associated with the fulfillment of duties to yourself, to other people, and to the state.
2. Political rights of a Russian citizen.
The political rights and obligations with which they are associated are secondary to personal ones and can be alienated from a citizen if, for example, he loses the citizenship of the Russian Federation.
Articles 30-33 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation are devoted to this topic.
Political constitutional rights | Article of the constitution | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
On the creation of trade unions and other communities to protect their own rights | 30 | You can create a community whose activities do not contradict the legislation of the Russian Federation, or you can join an existing union. But no one can force you to become a member of any union without your consent. |
At meetings, rallies, demonstrations, processions and more. | 31 | All of the above must be peaceful, carried out without weapons and agreed with the relevant authorities. |
To participate in public affairs | 32 | Citizens can participate in public affairs both personally and through their representatives, whom they choose in elections. In order to be able to influence big politics, one should not ignore such a duty as participation in elections. |
For an appeal to government bodies and bodies local government | 33 | citizens Russian Federation have the right to apply personally, as well as to send individual and collective appeals to state bodies and local governments. |
3. Socio-economic rights of a Russian citizen.
In contrast to the few political rights, the most articles in the Constitution of the Russian Federation are devoted to socio-economic freedoms and responsibilities: 34 - 44.These articles protect the freedom of a resident of Russia to:
- labor (free, not forced);
- private property, including land plots;
- education and career choice;
- motherhood and childcare;
- wages, pensions and various social benefits;
- own housing;
- receiving medical care and access to medicines;
- favorable environment, etc.
If any of your borders are infringed, then you, according to existing laws, have the opportunity to defend them by any constitutional means.
4. The duties of Russian citizens fixed by the constitution.
Naturally, one cannot have only freedom and at the same time be deprived of responsibility.
The main duties of citizens of the Russian Federation are also enshrined in the Constitution:
The duties of Russian citizens also include the implementation of the laws of the Russian Federation and the observance of the Constitution.
Relationship between the rights and obligations of a citizen: a retrospective analysis
Almost all researchers of this problem note that rights and obligations are interconnected.Moreover, many scientists (for example, the Briton Maitland) do not share these concepts at all, believing that as soon as it comes to one, the second immediately arises. There is no way around this law.
In some ancient states, it was considered quite natural that the power in the person of the ruler assumes the obligation to protect the freedoms of its citizens.
So, for example, the inhabitants of Arragon rather hostilely met the promises of the new ruler to preserve the privileges of the people, reminding him that they have exactly the same power as he does. And the Sabines did not at all shy away from throwing stones at monarchs who tried to establish an authoritarian regime.
Gradually, despotic monarchs, appearing first in one country, then in another, tried, through terror and unjust legislative acts, to instill in their subjects the idea that they have many duties, but practically no rights, although both concepts are firmly interconnected and cannot exist each other. without a friend.
Only states where a democratic system has been established have fair, well-thought-out Constitutions that spell out both the natural and positive rights of citizens, as well as their responsibility.
Basic rights and obligations of a citizen.
What does every person need to know? political self-education.
How are the rights and obligations of a citizen connected in the modern world?
There are 3 characteristics that a civil subject should have:
- rights;
- responsibilities;
- responsibility.
All three components are inextricably linked and cannot exist without each other. That is, one cannot demand continuous, while denying the presence of duties and responsibilities.
Sometimes it happens that the rights of one group are strongly linked to the duties of another.
Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation states that every person has the opportunity to receive pre-school, school and vocational education free of charge. But right there it is said that parents or guardians are obliged to make sure that their minor children receive this very education.
In the same place, but in Article 38, it is stated that disabled parents have the right to receive care from their able-bodied children. It is clear that this fact is connected with the obligation of adult children to take care of their parents who have lost their ability to work.
The rights and obligations of different entities may be interrelated, but are not required to exclude each other. If the opposite is claimed (and often officials, police and other guarantors constitutional order this is exactly what they claim), then this is considered a gross violation of the legislation of the Russian Federation.
The traffic police inspector stopped you on the road and indicated that you were speeding. He can write you a fine based on violations of the rules traffic. You are obliged to pay this fine within the specified period.
But at the same time, you can apply to the court or to the authorities of the inspector with a complaint about his illegal actions if, in your opinion, there were no violations.
If the inspector himself, his boss or the judge forbids you from filing a complaint, then they grossly violate your rights with a duty of self-defense.
But even in the case of gross violations of your freedoms, you must not ignore your immediate duty, otherwise this will lead to chaos and anarchy. You can only fight for justice constitutional methods, without violating the will of other people and not forgetting about their direct duties.
Pundits have been arguing for a long time about how the rights and duties of a citizen are connected. The only thing they are sure of is that this connection exists and it is not possible to break it without terrible consequences for both the individual and the state as a whole.
Many legal concepts are very difficult for the common man to understand. So, many believe that the question, how law and law are related answer is simply unrealistic. In fact, it all comes down to the meaning of concepts. At the same time, law is the basis for the functioning of society, as is the law in principle. Each person in society is endowed with certain rights, and it is the law that protects the rights. At the same time, the law defines not only rights, but also obligations. Thus, an ideal structure of society is being formed, allowing the formation of statehood and, at the same time, protecting the interests of each person individually.
How are the concepts of right and law related?
- Law is a kind of set of norms and rules of behavior of a citizen, and it is very important that these rights are established, and also additionally protected by the state. According to experts, it is on the basis of these rules that the relationships of people in society are regulated. Among other things, under the concept of law, a science is formed that studies all the established norms inherent in every citizen of our country;
- The law is kind of normative act. Moreover, in this case it should be noted that the act is created by the highest state power. Laws are adopted only in a clearly defined order. After the adoption of the legislation, it must necessarily become publicly available, and its interpretation must also appear. All legislation initially has the highest legal force. And it is mandatory.
How is law formed on the basis of legislation?
As you understand, society is developing very progressively, and so that there is such a thing as a state, as well as there are norms that can become the basis of statehood, legislation is being formed. That is, peculiar norms of behavior are being formed that allow, on the one hand, to protect the rights of each person, on the other hand, to form a certain statehood.Based on the formed legislative framework, and such a concept as law is formed. Note that the main law in our country is the Constitution. And it is this legislation that primarily forms the concept of law for each individual of society. Accordingly, we can say quite confidently that it is from the legislation that all kinds of human rights follow. This means that these concepts are interrelated. The law determines the law, and the law is indisputable, the most important element of legislation.