Types and protective properties of fire-resistant sheet materials for stoves and fireplaces. How to provide thermal protection for bathhouse walls - protective screen and lining Heat-resistant sheet material for bathhouses

Wooden baths require especially careful adherence to the rules against fire safety when arranging them. The source of the fire can be anything, an unextinguished cigarette, coals falling from the furnace of the firebox, an uncleaned chimney, but the main source of threat remains the stove itself.

The surface of the stove heats up to 300° - 400°, the heat falls on the wooden walls, which leads to their excessive heating and charring. It is extremely difficult to stop the process of ignition of wooden surfaces, The best way avoid a fire - prevent it. There are two truly effective ways to insulate the surface of wooden walls from the heat of sauna stoves - protective equipment in the form of a screen or the construction of special cladding from non-combustible materials.

When is this required?

There are times when there is no need to protect walls. If the stove is located at a safe distance from the wall from a fire safety point of view, the installation of protective screens and other measures can be neglected. The distance from the walls that is required to reduce the heat from the source varies:

A stove laid in a quarter of a brick should be located no closer than 35-40 cm from the wall;
A metal stove without lining should be placed a meter away and no closer;
A metal one with a lined furnace can be installed 70-75cm from the wall.

However, not every steam room has the opportunity to fulfill these requirements, due to the small area. The layout of steam rooms with an area of 6-8 m² can hardly accommodate the necessary set of items for the steaming procedure. Therefore, the need to insulate walls with special sheathing is relevant.

Application of protective screens

Screens are shields made of brick or metal that protect walls from intense thermal radiation. Similar protection is used when installing metal stoves.

Metal screens are made from steel or cast iron sheets, these

casings surround the heat source with a distance of 3-5 cm.

Advice! When purchasing a metal sauna stove, you should give preference to a model equipped with a metal casing. Its cost is not much higher, but the issues of wall insulation are eliminated.

Additional frontal or front shielding, which is located on the walls depending on the location of the stove, will not hurt. The protection guarantees the wood from overheating, reducing the temperature by 100 degrees or more, and provides the opportunity to save space in the steam room. A stove protected by a casing can be installed at a distance of 50-55 cm from the wall.

Installation of screens is simple. The casing, equipped with legs, is secured to the floor by side or front screens - with galvanized nails or self-tapping screws.

Brick screens are masonry used to cover the stove with

on all sides, the same casing, only made of brick. Another method is to lay half a brick between the firebox and a wall made of solid fireclay bricks laid on a solution of clay and cement. The width of the wall should be 120mm, although there is an opinion that it is permissible to put 60mm in a quarter of a brick, but it should be remembered that in this case the thermal insulation value is reduced by exactly half. It is recommended to raise the height of the masonry 20-30 cm above the surface of the firebox, but if you raise it to the ceiling, it will not be worse.

The screen should be placed at a distance of 10-15cm from the wall, 5-15cm from the stove, that is, the space saving is 30-40cm

Important! Functional openings for heat exchange should be made at the bottom of the masonry.

Protective screens are effective; they reduce the temperature to a level acceptable when using high-temperature fuel units. The same function is performed by wall cladding made of non-combustible materials.

Covering bathhouse walls with non-combustible insulating materials

To prevent the walls from overheating, you can use materials with increased thermal insulation properties and inertness to high temperatures. Two types of materials are used:

reflective;
fireproof with lining.

The first type includes materials for wall cladding, consisting of thermal insulation with fire-resistant properties and a metal covering in the form of a sheet.

Insulating walls with reflective sheathing

A protective cake with reflective materials is done this way. First, the thermal insulation is attached using ceramic bushings directly to the wooden walls, then it is sewn up with a stainless steel sheet.

Advice! It is better not to use galvanized metal, since heating may release heavy metals harmful to the human body.

Stainless steel with a polished surface reflects the heat flow inside the steam room, reducing heat loss. In this case, reflected heat is more useful than direct heat. For thermal insulation use:

basalt cardboard or cotton wool, the only material with increased hygroscopicity, non-flammable, environmentally friendly;
asbestos cardboard, which reliably protects against flames and has a long service life;
mineralite, an artificial material made specifically for these purposes.

Protective sheathing requires ventilation gaps of 2 cm from the wall to the insulation, 2 cm from the insulation to the steel sheet. If it is necessary to install the stove as close to the wall as possible, make a double skin of non-combustible insulation, use ceramic bushings to maintain gaps of 2-3 cm and sew them up with a steel sheet.

Insulation with cladding

Measures to protect walls with cladding are necessary in order to preserve the interior decoration of the room. They are more expensive, but no one has canceled the aesthetic advantages of the bathhouse. It is based on tile cladding, which is laid on fire-resistant cladding made of gypsum plasterboard, non-deformable gypsum-based cardboard with fiberglass, mineralite, non-flammable cement-fiber material, moisture-resistant and resistant to biochemical influences, SML, glass fabric material bound with magnesium additives, resistant to high temperatures, high humidity. Heat-resistant glue is used for installation.

Advice! Use heat-resistant reinforced Terracotta glue, made from fireclay dust bound with kaolin additives, intended for tiling stoves, fireplaces, and all heated surfaces.

terracotta tiles, they are made from specially fired clay, which gives increased heat resistance and durability;
clinker, denser clay tiles with a surface of various colors, similar to facing bricks;
tiles, also made from clay, having an original embossed surface;
porcelain stoneware made from a mixture of clays, kaolins, quartz sand, feldspars by high-temperature firing under a pressure of 400-500 kg/cm², with imitation of stone, wood, durable artificial material;
soap chloride, a rock mineral consisting of talc, magnesite and chlorite, an environmentally friendly natural material that does not absorb moisture at all, has an attractive appearance, does not crumble, and is not afraid of high temperatures.

Advice! Use soap chloride to finish the steam room, this mineral has a healing effect on the human body, regulates blood pressure, stimulates cerebral circulation, expels viruses and microbes due to the release of vitamin D when heated.

All of the listed tiles are an element of protection, rearranging a cake, the basis of which is a fire-resistant material. Just like the screen, the sheet material is installed on ceramic bushings with a gap of 2-3 cm from the wall. The minimum distance to the heat source from the tile should be 20cm.

Protection with cladding decorates the room, creates a positive mood, and helps to increase the efficiency of procedures. And most importantly, properly installed insulation prevents wooden walls from overheating and catching fire. Have a nice steam!

During heating or using a bath, the surface of the stove becomes very hot; the temperature can reach 400 degrees or higher. In this case, the stove itself will be a source of strong radiation of infrared rays, which quickly spread throughout the entire area of the bathhouse and heat all its walls, but especially those located near the stove.

Due to the highly elevated temperature, the walls of the bathhouse made of wood may begin to char, which will subsequently lead to their fire. To insulate wooden walls and ceilings from fire, fire-retardant compounds or chemicals fire protection. The most effective way to protect bathhouse walls, including wooden ones, from heat is the method of shielding using non-combustible materials.

The distance between the stove and the nearby wall should be safe, that is, it should be enough so that infrared rays have less of an impact on the surface and a fire does not break out in the bathhouse.

SNiP III-G.11-62. Heating stoves, smoke and ventilation ducts of residential and public buildings. Rules for production and acceptance of work. File for download

The safe distance between the sauna stove and the walls is determined on the basis of fire safety standards SNiP III-G.11-62 for the operation of stoves installed in rooms with walls or ceilings exposed to fire:

SNiP 2.04.05-91. Heating. Ventilation and air conditioning. File for download

Based on SNIP 2.04.05-91, a safe distance is established from the top of the stove to the ceiling:

with a ceiling that is protected by a steel sheet 10 mm thick, laid on asbestos cardboard or plaster laid on a steel mesh and covering the stove with 3 rows of brick - no less than 250 mm,
with a protected ceiling and a thermally insulated ceiling of the top of the metal stove, no less than 800 mm,
with an unprotected ceiling and a stove with an overlap of 2 rows of bricks - no less than 1 m.
with an unprotected ceiling and non-thermally insulated ceiling - no less than 1.2 m.

It is clear that a safe distance of 1 m between the stove and the wall can only be ensured in bathhouses with a large area. In private baths with a small area, every centimeter of usable space is saved, so the stoves are placed at a short distance from the walls, and to protect against heat, a brick screen is built or metal sheets are used as cladding, as well as other non-combustible materials that significantly reduce the permissible safe distance.

Protective screens

Bath walls are usually protected from thermal infrared radiation by protective screens. Brickwork or metal shields together with insulating materials are used as such screens. The protection is installed on the side surfaces of sauna heaters and/or on nearby surfaces.

Metal protective screen

Most often, in private baths, to protect interior partitions from high temperature and fire, an ordinary barrier is installed, constructed from metal sheets that are installed near the stove (a five-centimeter gap is left between the surfaces of the casing and the stove). Metal screens are mainly available on the side or front. A protective screen made of any metal significantly reduces the thermal impact of the stove on the surface of the walls. Thanks to such metal protection, the temperature near the wall decreases, thereby significantly reducing the safe distance.

Technical characteristics of Teplodar screens and installation diagram

Metal screens can be installed on legs using anchor bolts to secure the structure to the floor. Commercially available metal reflective screens are already equipped with mounting frames for vertical fixation.

Installed protective screen - photo

Oven with a metal protective screen - photo

Protective screen made of red stove brick

Brick barriers often cover the side surfaces of the stove, making the outer skin like a casing. In this way, the separation of combustible surfaces and the hot heating device is carried out.

Protective brick screen - diagram and photo

Since ancient times, there has been a tradition of building stoves from brick or stone. This design took a long time to heat up, but at the same time radiated soft heat, and subsequently cooled down for a long time. Modern metal stoves heat up quickly, emit hard infrared radiation, and the red-hot walls of the stove burn out the oxygen in the bathhouse. In addition, a metal stove is more fire hazardous. In view of these aspects, we can conclude that it is advisable to combine stone or brickwork with steel structures.

Brick screen for a metal stove – photo

Solid fireclay bricks are well suited for constructing a protective casing. A mixture of cement or mixed with refractory clay will serve as a good binder for it. The masonry-screen made of fireclay bricks, according to the value of the safe distance, is made with a thickness of about 12 cm (0.5 bricks) or 6.5 cm (0.25, respectively). However, expensive fireclay bricks are very rarely used in private baths to protect wooden walls; most often, preference is given to red stove bricks.

Before finishing (lining) a metal stove with red stove bricks, the base is first built.

It is imperative to take into account: if the stove is located not far from the load-bearing wall, then there must be a distance of at least 5 cm between the foundation of the stove and the foundation of the building. To ensure that these two foundations are not connected in any way and the heat from the steam room is not lost, thermal insulation material is laid between them .

The foundation surface should be 15-20 cm below the level of the finished floor of the bathhouse. After installing the foundation (it needs to be allowed to dry for 30 days), moisture-proofing material - roofing felt or roofing felt - is laid on it in 2 layers. Then, bricks are laid on the clay-cement mortar in 2 rows, shifting the bricks among themselves so that the seams of the masonry are covered by the brick lying on top.

At this point, the work on arranging the foundation is completed.

A heat-protective base should be made on top of the foundation, consisting of:

a sheet of metal fixed on top of a layer of heat-insulating material;
two rows of bricks laid on a wooden floor;
heat-resistant ceramic tiles.

Before covering an iron stove with bricks, you need to prepare the required mortar for laying. The best option for brickwork around a metal stove would be a simple clay mortar (raw materials should be mined at a depth of more than two meters) with sand. The kneading process is not complicated. The clay is first soaked, then the already soaked clay is thoroughly rubbed through a sieve. The sand is sifted and mixed with soaked clay. The viscosity and plasticity of the mortar must be such that it does not squeeze out of the seams during laying. You can add 5-10% cement to the solution for strength.

The foundation of the protective screen can be made in a quarter of a brick, be sure to leave small holes in its lower part and in the middle part - special windows that create air circulation between the brick screen and the installed stove (sometimes they are equipped with combustion doors). In this case, the bath will heat up very quickly.

It is best to line the stove with half a brick. If the screen is made of brick, it will take a very long time to warm up.

Attention! It is very important to take into account the fire safety requirement - the distance between the walls of the metal stove and the brickwork should be 3 - 10 cm. In order for the brick screen to be more durable, reinforcing mesh must be laid through the row, or possibly in each row. The verticality of the corners should be checked with a plumb line, and the laying of the rows with a building level should be checked for horizontalness.

The brick screen can be laid all the way to the ceiling. The main condition is that its height must be at least 20 cm greater than the height of the stove.

To more reliably protect wooden walls from high temperatures, an acceptable distance has been established between the wall and the constructed brick screen. It should be less than 15 cm, but more than 5 cm, while the distance from the stove to any of the walls can be 20 - 40 cm.

Prices for protective screens

oven protection screen

Non-combustible lining

To protect walls from a hot stove, sheathing consisting of various special thermal insulation materials is often used.

Stainless reflective lining

Special non-flammable thermal insulation or protective sheathing consists of stainless steel sheets that perfectly protect the wooden surface of walls in private baths from fires. To construct such a simple screen, first a heat-insulating material is attached to the wall, and only then a stainless steel sheet is attached on top.

To increase the efficiency of the cladding, it is advisable to polish the stainless metal sheet well to a mirror shine. The mirror surface of stainless steel significantly improves the reflection of heat rays emanating from the stove, preventing the wooden walls from heating up. In addition, by redirecting hard infrared rays back, the mirror stainless metal will turn them into soft and safe for people to perceive.

Metal screens for a bathhouse are easy to make with your own hands. The main thing is not to forget about using a heat insulator between the wall and the sheet of metal (minerite or asbestos cardboard will do)

Cladding with cladding

Mirror stainless steel cladding looks beautiful and perfectly protects the walls from fire, however, in some cases it may not be appropriate in a bathhouse and over time the mirror surface will become matte, will not be able to reflect the rays efficiently and will not look as beautiful as it originally did. Heat-resistant cladding will help solve the design problem in the bathhouse for many years; heat-resistant adhesive is used to lay it on the brick lining.

For cladding walls located next to the stove, you can use the following heat-resistant materials:

Attention! Any tile that is used for wall cladding will not be able to provide complete thermal insulation; it is only one of the components in a protective structure consisting of a fire-resistant material and a small (2-3 cm) ventilation gap between this fire-resistant material and the wall.

As a fire-resistant material, you can also use a board made of fire-resistant plasterboard, or from fiberglass, which will not be deformed under the influence of heat, from a fireproof cement-fiber board - mineralite, or from a special tile material - glass-magnesium sheet.

Of course, the best option for cladding wooden walls is brick cladding. With such protection of the walls from high temperatures, the stove can be placed almost close to the wall. However, it is not always possible to use new, even bricks for masonry and lay beautiful masonry around the stove. Sometimes a previously used brick is chosen for a protective screen in order to further refine it with a beautiful material.

Prices for soapstone tiles

soapstone tiles

Cladding a brick screen - step-by-step instructions

You can refine and make the appearance of any brickwork more aesthetically pleasing with the help of a fire-resistant and durable natural material.

Terracotta tiles, also called “terracotta” for short, are a very heat-resistant ceramic product made from kaolin clay fired at a temperature of about 1000 degrees. This wonderful material is absolutely non-flammable, it does not change its properties even from high (up to 1300 degrees) and low (up to -25 degrees) temperatures, and does not change its beautiful appearance from the action of water or sunlight.

To finish a brick protective fence, you will need heat-resistant materials “Terracotta”: glue, paste, as well as finishing grout, which will fill the seams.

You will also need a sheet of drywall (choose 9.5 mm gypsum board) to space the slabs, which must first be cut into small squares.

Tools. We stock the following accessories:

In advance, you need to dilute it with water in a bucket and mix it with a mixer with a convenient and very reliable in terms of fire safety reinforced adhesive mixture “Terracotta”.

Initially, bricks for the screen are laid around the stove in a classic dressing, carefully removing excess mortar.

Attention! After finishing laying the rough wall, you must wait 24 hours for the masonry to dry and gain initial strength.

Prices for Terracotta glue

terracotta

Terracotta flagstone “Classic” is a stone amazing in its unique beauty. It looks very rich and massive.

It can be easily sawed with a diamond wheel or split with a hammer and then, after spreading a thick layer of Terracotta mastic on it, stick it on the brickwork. Terracotta flagstone is heavier than terracotta tiles, but much lighter than natural stone.

When facing with flagstone, cut squares of plasterboard are used as the distance between the tiles and to stop the movement of the tiles. The rough chipped edge of the flagstone will not allow a 10 mm gap to be maintained everywhere, and this will further give the stone cladding a feeling of naturalness.

Having brought the process of stylizing the wall under wild stone to perfection, you can move on to tiling. You need to lay rectangular terracotta tiles on brick, starting with the laying of corner elements, thanks to which the decorative cladding will look like classic stove masonry.

Corner elements must be glued from bottom to top, while the horizontal corners must be aligned only by level.

Attention! For gluing and setting of Terracotta mastic, at least 10 hours or more must pass.

After the mastic has dried, you need to remove the plasterboard squares inserted as fasteners and begin first filling and then opening the seams between the slabs.

For this work, you will need a heat-resistant wide-joint grout, which is a unique white composition designed for filling the joints between slabs of different decorative surfaces that may be subject to severe exposure to elevated temperatures.

The grout must be filled with water and stirred with a mixer to obtain a homogeneous solution, similar in consistency to thick sour cream.

Attention! The time to use the grout solution is about 1 hour.

It is necessary to fill the tile joints using a construction gun, the nozzle of which must be cut off obliquely so that an oblong hole is formed.

The gun tube is filled with the prepared grout solution using a narrow spatula.

Then, carefully inserting the nozzle, you should, smoothly and with low intensity, moving the construction gun along the length of the seams, squeeze out the grout and fill the seams so that the level of the filled grout is aligned with the level of the tiles. The joints between the slabs can be filled either vertically or horizontally.

Attention! Special grout for seams should not get on the front surface of the finish. If it happens that the mixture does get on the decorative cladding, then you should not immediately remove the composition, but wait at least 2 hours until it hardens a little and then the contaminating fragment can be easily removed. The dried mixture must not be removed from the slabs in a tangential direction or smeared.

After completing all the work on filling the joints, the grout will “ripen”, acquiring molded pliability or slight crumbling after 2 hours. After this time, you can confidently proceed to the final part - the process of distributing the frozen grout and leveling it in the tile joints - decorative jointing, the purpose of which is to give the surface being decorated an attractive appearance.

To begin with, from the seams, using a simple flat screwdriver, transversely recessed into the seam, it is necessary to remove the excess amount of grout, slowly maintaining a constant depth. To remove excess grout, you can also use a metal ring of small diameter, with which you can evenly remove the grout, like shavings.

Distribution and leveling of the composition with a tool - grouting

The remaining grout in the joint can be carefully distributed with light pressure from a gloved finger, giving the grout the appearance of a smooth surface without depressions or roughness.

The work on lining the thermal barrier of the brick walls has been completed.

The first heating of the stove in the bathhouse can be started only 24 hours after all the necessary work has been carried out with grouting between the tiles.

Video - Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 1

Video - Heat-resistant screens for sauna stoves. Part 2

Video - Installing a sauna stove with a protective screen

Video - Protecting bathhouse walls with terracotta tiles

Video - Protecting wooden bath walls from heat

What is the best way to decorate the wall behind the wood stove in a sauna? Welded metal stove, metal 4mm thick. From the stove to the wall about 20-25cm. The best way to finish the wall is to prevent the lining from charring and catching fire. Are soapstone or coil slabs suitable? And is it possible to glue them directly to the lining?

You're right. For the safe operation of a metal stove, the distance you specified (20-25cm) to the wooden surface of the wall is not enough. Metal stoves are characterized by active thermal radiation, at peak moments the firebox becomes red from heating. A wooden wall surface or ceiling partition, when heated to 100 °C, is guaranteed to ignite. This is especially true for wood in a steam room, where it is constantly dried to minimum humidity levels.

One of the ideal options for a metal stove in a bathhouse is shown in the photo. The oven is partially covered with brick on three sides, which allows for additional heat accumulation. There is also a screen made of fireproof material installed on the wall. This can be a layer of basalt cardboard or cotton wool, with a galvanized sheet on top of it.

Double wall protection

It is better to connect the heat-insulating material of the screen with “grooves”.

Combining thermal insulation joints

Soapstone is an excellent decorative material. It is most often used for lining stoves and fireplaces, and sometimes even for laying stoves. Its main advantages in our case become disadvantages. This material perfectly accumulates and transfers heat, as evidenced by the heating of the surface on which it is installed. Therefore, if your choice fell on this stone, we can suggest replacing part of the wall (or flammable internal lining) with brick. It can even be decorative. And in this area it is already possible to lay soapstone tiles on heat-resistant adhesive for lining stoves and fireplaces.

The same recommendations apply to products made from coils. If done well, this protection option will not only look harmonious and be the highlight of the sauna, but will also provide you with almost 100% fire safety.

Option with soapstone

Have an easy and safe steam!

How to decorate the wall behind the stove in a sauna: cladding options

What material is best to use for finishing the wall behind the wood-burning stove in the sauna, so that the lining does not char and catch fire. Cladding of sauna stove and walls

Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing

When you heat the bathhouse for procedures, the surface of the oven can heat up to 300-400 degrees. In the process, it emits infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The radiated heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first it touches the walls, which are located near the wall. If the walls in your steam room are made of wood, then due to the high temperature they will begin to char. And this can cause fire and fire. Despite the fact that various means for protecting wood and other options for eliminating this problem are advertised, the most effective method isolation was and remains the arrangement of a protective screen and casing made of non-flammable materials.

In what situations is wall protection needed?

There are situations when protecting the walls near the stove is not necessary. For example, if between the stove and the closest surface there is a safe distance from the point of view of fire regulations. This distance should be enough to disperse the infrared rays so that they weaken and do not damage the wall.

fire safe distance from a metal stove to the walls of the bathhouse

The safe distance from the wall is:

to a brick stove (with ¼ brick masonry) - no less than 0.32 m;
to a non-lined metal furnace - at least 1 m.
to a metal furnace lined inside with brick or fireclay - no less than 0.7 m.

Such a safe, fire-safe distance can generally only be organized in steam rooms with impressive parameters. In smaller family-type steam rooms, when there is a need to save every centimeter, installing a stove at such a distance is not a justifiable luxury. Therefore, for such small steam rooms, it is better to use screens or special cladding to protect the walls.

Protective screen around the oven.

Shields are insulating shields that cover the sides of the oven and reduce the intensity of heat rays.

Screens can be made of brick or metal. They are mainly used for metal stoves.

Option No. 1 – metal screen. The most commonly used protective screen is made of steel or cast iron sheets,

which is bought ready-made. It is mounted around the stove at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. There are side and front screens, choose depending on which side of the stove you need to cover. Manufacturers often make furnaces already equipped with a screen - a casing.

bathhouse wall protection - metal screen

The protective screen makes it possible to reduce the temperature of the external surfaces of the stove to 80-100 degrees, thereby reducing the safe distance to 50 cm. As a result, the distance from the firebox to the wall, including an installation gap of 1-5 cm, will be 51-55 cm. Install The protective screen is not complicated, it is usually equipped with legs that simply need to be bolted to the floor.

Option No. 2 – protective screen made of brick.

With such a screen you can cover all the side parts of the stove, thus making an outer lining for it. As a result, the stove will stand in a brick casing.

Or you can simply separate the oven and the fire-hazardous surface with such a screen. The material for the screen used as wall protection is solid fireclay brick

. For the binder, take a solution made of cement or clay. Craftsmen advise making masonry in half a brick (12 cm thick). But if you don’t have enough material, you can make a screen in ¼ brick (6 cm), but this will lead to a reduction in the thermal insulation performance of the protective wall by half. And then you need to take such changes into account when calculating the safe distance.

bathhouse wall protection - brick screen

When laying, you need to leave small holes in the lower part (sometimes with fire doors). They will serve to create air exchange in the space between the stove and the screen. The height of the brick screen should exceed the height of the stove by at least 20 cm.

There are cases when the protective screen is laid out up to the ceiling.

Such a screen is not made close to the stove - you need to leave 5-15 cm. In order for the walls to be protected reliably, the optimal distance between the screen and the wall should be from 5 to 15 cm. Using a protective brick screen, you can reduce the distance from the stove to the wall to 22- 42 cm (stove + gap 5-15 cm + brick -12 cm + gap 5-15 cm + wall),

Any wall that is adjacent to a hot stove is not immune to spontaneous combustion. To prevent overheating of the walls, it is recommended to use special sheathing, which consists of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials.

Construction of a bathhouse

Sheathing, which includes non-combustible thermal insulation and metal sheets, has proven itself to be excellent. So, you need to attach a heat-insulating material to a wooden surface, and then a stainless steel sheet on top of it.

Some people use galvanized steel, but there is information that when heated, it can release harmful substances. So it is better to use stainless steel.

To increase the effectiveness of such cladding, you need to polish the metal sheet well. The specularity of the surface will improve the reflection of heat rays from the wood and naturally prevent it from heating up. Another advantage is that, by redirecting hard IR rays back into the steam room, stainless metal makes them softer and people perceive them more easily.

reflective wall cladding

You can install the following thermal insulation material under a sheet of metal: Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation and increased hygroscopicity. It is safe even in extreme conditions
steam room, and it doesn’t burn.
Basalt cardboard is basalt fiber in the form of thin sheets. Fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
Asbestos cardboard is a fire-resistant heat-insulating material in sheets. It is characterized by excellent strength, durability and the ability to protect surfaces prone to fire from ignition.

Minerite is a non-flammable slab that is made specifically for creating screens near stoves, fireplaces and other surfaces in a bathhouse or sauna that can easily catch fire.

The following cladding scheme is popular:

Wall – ventilation gap 2-3cm. – insulation 1-2 cm. – metal sheet. The safe distance from the stove to the wall will be at least 38 cm.

Ceramic bushings are used to secure the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and additionally serve to create a ventilation gap between the wall and the layer of heat-insulating material.

If you were unable to install the stove at a safe distance, then you need to cover it with two layers of heat-insulating material. In this option, the sheets are secured through bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm, and the top sheet is covered with a metal sheet.

Reflective cladding is an excellent protection for wood walls from heat and fire, but it may not always look beautiful or appropriate in a steam room. If you have a steam room with a certain design or decor, you can disguise such cladding with heat-resistant tiles. To lay such tiles you need to use heat-resistant adhesive.

Wall protection near the stove with lining can be made of the following materials:

Terracotta tiles are made from fired clay and have excellent strength, heat resistance and service life. Terracotta can be matte or glazed, with shades ranging from pastel yellow to brick red.
Clinker tiles are clay tiles similar to facing bricks. Its structure is denser than that of terracotta. The color may be your favorite, even white or black, or something completely unusual for tiles - blue or green.
Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. Characteristic– embossing in the form of a pattern or ornament on the front part.
Porcelain tiles are tiles of increased strength and heat resistance. Different processing method front side forms a different surface. Porcelain tiles can imitate stone, brick or wood. The color palette includes natural shades, from white to black.
Soapstone is a natural mountain stone of gray or green hue. Distinctive features: fire resistance, water resistance, strength.

protective cladding with cladding

Using fire resistant tiles to cover a wall will not provide thermal insulation. The walls will heat up anyway. The tile serves only one component in this design:

Wall – ventilation gap 2-3 cm. – fire-resistant material in sheets – tiles. The distance from the stove to the tiles should be at least 15-20 cm.

Refractory material can be:

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is a drywall containing fiberglass. It does not deform under the influence of heat.
Minerite is a non-flammable cement-fiber board. In addition, it is moisture resistant and not subject to rotting or decomposition.
Glass-magnesium sheet (GML) is a slab material that contains fiberglass and magnesium binder. This material is famous for its heat and sound insulation properties, and its resistance to temperature changes and the influence of water.

If the wall protection is carried out in compliance with all the rules and the organization of a ventilation gap, then such cladding will have a low heat absorption rate, and the wall will hardly heat up. In addition, using tiles for cladding will mask the protective layer well, and you will not spoil the style and design of the steam room.

Protecting walls in a bathhouse from stove heat: how to properly make a protective screen or casing

protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Why is it needed and what is the fireproof distance from the walls to the stove. Protective screens, protective sheathing and sheathing with cladding

Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: rules for constructing protective screens and casings

During the heating of the bath, the surface of the stove heats up to 300-400°C. At the same time, it begins to emit infrared rays and itself becomes a source of heating. The coming heat is distributed throughout the steam room, but first of all it hits the walls adjacent to the stove. If the walls are wooden, then under the influence of high temperatures their charring begins. And there it’s already a stone’s throw away! The only one for real effective method insulating wooden walls from heat - creating protective screens and cladding from non-combustible materials in the bathhouse.

When is protection needed at all?

The need to install protective casings and screens does not always arise. If a fire-safe distance is maintained between the stove and the nearest flammable surface, additional protection is not needed. At this distance, the IR rays are scattered, weakened, and the amount of them that the wooden wall receives can no longer lead to damage.

It is believed that the safe distance from the wall to the brick stove (quarter-brick laying) is at least 0.32 m, from the wall to the metal stove (not lined) - at least 1 m. For a metal stove lined from the inside with brick or fireclay, the distance decreases to 0.7 m.

Thus, maintaining fire safety distances is more possible in large baths, where the issue of saving space is not relevant. In family steam rooms, where every centimeter of space counts, installing a stove 0.3-1 m from the nearest walls is impractical. In this case, the safety distances established by the standards must be reduced with the help of screens and casings.

Protective screens near (around) the stove

Protective screens are insulation panels that cover the side surfaces of the furnace and reduce the intensity of thermal radiation. Screens can be metal or brick. As a rule, they are used for metal furnaces.

Method #1 - metal screens

The most common protective screens are factory-made steel or cast iron sheets. They are installed around the stove, at a distance of 1-5 cm from the walls of the firebox. Depending on the need to insulate one side or another of the furnace, you can purchase side or front screens. Many metal furnaces are initially manufactured with protective screens in the form of a protective casing.

Protective screens make it possible to reduce the temperature of external metal surfaces to 80-100°C and, accordingly, reduce the fireproof distance to 50 cm. The total distance from the firebox to the wall (including a gap of 1-5 cm) will be 51-55 cm.

Installing protective screens is not difficult. Thanks to the presence of legs, metal panels are easily bolted to the floor.

Method #2 - brick screens

A brick screen can cover all the side surfaces of a metal furnace, representing its outer cladding. Then the stove will be in a casing made of brickwork. In another case, a brick screen is a wall separating the stove and the flammable surface.

To lay the protective screen, solid fireclay bricks are used. The binder is cement or clay mortar. It is recommended to use half a brick (thickness 120 mm). But, if there is a lack of material, it is possible to make a wall of a quarter of a brick (60 mm thick), although in this case the thermal insulation properties of the screen will be reduced by half.

Small openings (sometimes with fire doors) are left at the bottom of the shield for air convection between the brick wall and the stove.

The brick walls of the screen must end at least 20 cm above the top surface of the oven. Sometimes the masonry goes all the way to the ceiling.

The brick screen is not installed flush against the walls of the stove, the optimal distance is 5-15 cm. The acceptable distance from the brickwork to the flammable wall is 5-15 cm. Thus, the use of a brick screen allows you to reduce the distance from the stove to the wooden wall to 22-42 cm (stove - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - brick 12 cm - ventilation gap 5-15 cm - wall).

Protective non-combustible wall coverings

Walls adjacent to the hot furnace walls are susceptible to spontaneous combustion. To prevent their overheating, special casings consisting of heat-insulating and non-combustible materials are used.

Option #1 - reflective trim

Sheathing consisting of a combination of non-combustible insulation and metal sheets is effective. In this case, thermal insulation is attached to the wooden surface, which is covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. Some use galvanizing for these purposes, but, according to some data, when heated, it can release harmful substances. It’s better not to risk it and buy a stainless steel sheet.

For greater efficiency, the metal sheet of the screen must be well polished. The mirror surface helps to reflect heat rays from the wooden surface and, accordingly, prevents its heating. In addition, a stainless steel sheet, directing IR rays back into the steam room, transforms hard radiation into softer radiation, better perceived by humans.

The following can be fixed under stainless steel as thermal insulation:

Basalt wool - it has high thermal insulation properties and is absolutely safe when used in a bathhouse. It has increased hygroscopicity and does not burn.
Basalt cardboard is thin sheets of basalt fiber. Used as a fireproof, sound and heat insulating material.
Asbestos cardboard is a sheet fire-resistant heat insulator. It has high strength and durability, protects flammable surfaces from ignition.
Minerite is a non-flammable sheet (plate) specially manufactured for shielding stoves, fireplaces, and easily flammable surfaces in baths and saunas.

A popular example of cladding using a metal sheet is this “pie”: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – insulation (1-2 cm) – stainless steel sheet. The distance from the wooden wall to the stove is at least 38 cm (SNiP 41-01-2003).

Ceramic bushings are used to attach the sheathing to the wall. They do not heat up and allow the formation of ventilation gaps between the thermal insulation and the wall.

If the distance between the wooden wall and the stove is minimal, then the cladding is made of two layers of fire-resistant insulation, for example, mineralite. In this case, the sheets are fixed through ceramic bushings, maintaining a gap of 2-3 cm. The top sheet is covered with stainless steel.

Option #2 - sheathing with cladding

Of course, protective cladding with stainless steel perfectly protects wooden walls from heat and fire. But it can spoil the impression of the most expensive finish. Therefore, if the steam room is designed in a decorative style, the fire-resistant lining is masked with heat-resistant tiles. The tiles are laid on heat-resistant adhesive, for example, produced by Terracotta.

The best materials for cladding walls near the stove:

Terracotta tiles are made from baked clay. It is distinguished by strength, heat resistance, durability. Terracotta tiles can be matte or glazed (majolica), and the color varies from pastel yellow to brick red.
Clinker tiles are also made of clay and look similar to facing bricks. Unlike terracotta, clinker tiles are denser. The color range covers almost all colors, ranging from white to black, including green and blue tones, unusual for clay.
Tiles are a type of ceramic tile. It usually has embossing on the front surface in the form of a design or ornament.
Porcelain tiles are heat-resistant, durable tiles. Depending on the method of processing the front surface, tiles can imitate natural stone, brick, or wood. The color range includes all natural shades, from white to black.
Soapstone is a rock of grayish or greenish color. It is fireproof, waterproof and durable.

Attaching fire-resistant tiles directly to walls will not have any thermal insulation effect. The wall will still heat up, which can lead to spontaneous combustion. Therefore, tiles are used only as an element of a protective “pie” of the following design: wall – ventilation gap (2-3 cm) – fire-resistant sheet material – tiles. It is recommended to maintain a minimum distance of 15-20 cm from the tiles to the walls of the oven.

Any material from this list can be used as a fire-resistant element in the cladding:

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO) is drywall supplemented with fiberglass fibers. Resists thermal effects without structural deformation.
Minerite is a cement-fiber board, absolutely non-flammable. Minerite slabs are moisture resistant, do not rot, and do not decompose.
Glass-magnesium sheet (FMS) is a material in the form of plates made on the basis of magnesium binder and fiberglass. It has heat and sound insulating properties and is not destroyed by water and temperature changes.

The protective cladding, which must comply with the ventilation gap, has a very low heat absorption coefficient, so the wall underneath it practically does not heat up. In addition, the use of cladding allows you to disguise the protective “pie” and maintain the finishing of the steam room in the same style.

Protecting the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove: installing protective sheathing and screens

Let's figure out how to protect the walls of the bathhouse from the heat of the stove. Installation of protective casings and special screens. Technical rules fire safety.

How to decorate a stove in a bathhouse

Great popularity in last years Metal stoves have won over home bathhouse owners. The reason for this was the ease and speed of installation and affordable pricing. However, they have a number of disadvantages, ranging from unpresentable appearance to the likelihood of a fire. The finishing of the stove in the bathhouse is carried out to reduce negative factors.

During operation, the temperature of the metal furnace in the bath reaches about 400 0. Metal heated to such a temperature can cause a fire in nearby wooden structures. For fire safety purposes, there are permissible distances from a metal heating source to the wall established by SNiP. In the absence of protective screens, the distance should be at least 1 meter.

In large rooms, maintaining such a distance is not difficult. But if the question concerns a small home bath, every centimeter of space is important.

To reduce the permissible distance, a number of measures are taken:

install protective screens around the stove itself;
sheathe sections of walls located in close proximity to the source of ignition.

Metal screens

Installation of steel sheets allows you to reduce the fire hazard distance. From the wooden surface to the steel screen it is enough to maintain 50 cm.

Protective screens made of metal can be either factory-made or welded independently. During installation, it is necessary to create a ventilation gap between the heating part of the stove and the metal screen. The presence of a ventilation duct helps to heat the casing up to 100 0 . Factory screens are equipped with legs and fasteners; using them, installing the sheets will not be difficult.

Brick screens

There are two options for installing a brick screen:

a brick partition is erected only between the wooden wall of the bathhouse and the metal stove;
The oven is covered with brick walls on all sides.

It is enough to leave a distance of 10-15 cm between the wooden wall and the brick screen.

Covering walls with heat-reflecting screens

Reflective cladding is a heat-insulating material covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. This option allows you to reduce the distance from the protective coating to the working surface of the oven to 38 cm.

Non-flammable, durable materials with low thermal conductivity are used as a protective layer that prevents the wooden surface from catching fire:

basalt wool(basalt canvas, basalt slabs, basalt cardboard), sometimes called stone wool. Made from rock (basalt), it is an environmentally friendly material. It does not emit harmful compounds when heated, withstands temperatures up to 600 0 without collapsing or losing its properties. It has good water-repellent ability, does not absorb moisture at all and does not cause corrosion of adjacent materials;
mineralite slabs- the main component in them is cement. They are able to withstand temperatures of 600 0, but the operating temperature at which the properties do not change is 150 0. Absorbs and releases moisture well. Minerite is harmless to the respiratory tract when heated;

asbestos boards or asbestos cardboard. Some consider it a carcinogenic material that is harmful to health, but this has not been scientifically proven. Asbestos dust can cause harm to the body if inhaled. Covered with a metal sheet on top, asbestos has proven itself to be a good thermal insulation material;
expanded vermeculite slabs do not contain asbestos and are made of mountain mica. They have low specific gravity and high mechanical strength. Such slabs can be coated with a layer of plaster and covered with ceramic tiles.

The heat-insulating layer is covered with a stainless steel sheet on top. In some cases, galvanized iron is used, but it is “transparent” to IR rays. The polished surface of the steel is able to reflect heat rays, directing them back into the bathhouse.

Metal sheets are mounted on ceramic mounts that are not subject to strong heat. For free circulation of air flows, preventing heating of the wooden wall, it is necessary to provide a ventilation gap. To do this, a ventilation gap is provided between the heat-insulating layer and the wall. The screen is mounted, leaving a distance above the floor and above the ceiling.

Sheathing followed by cladding

You can ensure an aesthetically presentable appearance of the bathhouse by decorating the heat-insulating layer with fire-resistant tiles, the installation of which must be done with heat-resistant glue.

To ensure high thermal insulation protection of the wooden surface from the heat of the stove, fire-resistant materials are mounted on it, which can be used as:

glass magnetic sheets, resistant to high temperatures and high humidity. They are characterized by high elasticity and mechanical strength. When heated, they do not emit toxic substances;
expanded vermiculite sheets;
mineralite slabs.

Facing types: tiles

They have proven themselves well for cladding thermal insulation areas. the following types tiles:

Terracotta tiles. Eco-friendly unglazed tiles made from colored clay without mechanical impurities through long-term firing in ovens. It has increased heat resistance and does not emit harmful substances or specific odors when heated. During operation it does not lose its original color. It has a color palette from gray to beige. It has textured options for wood and stone. Able to retain heat for a long time.
Clinker tiles made from shale clay. It is fired at a temperature of about 1200 0 in one cycle. Does not cause harm to health during the heating process. Such tiles are durable, have increased resistance to abrasion and color loss. The palette of produced colors ranges from black to white.

Porcelain tiles. Artificial finishing material consisting of clay, quartz sand and kaolin. It withstands humid environments and high temperatures well and is not destroyed by thermal shock. Has a long service life. Manufacturers produce glazed, matte, polished porcelain tiles, structured to resemble leather, wood, and stone.
Soapstone tiles. A natural material of mountain origin, often gray in color, but interspersed with brown, cherry, yellow and green shades. Withstands repeated heating and high humidity, accumulates and releases heat well.

Installation of a brick casing around a metal plate

The brick casing for shielding the furnace has significant weight, and prerequisite for its installation is the presence of a foundation.

Foundation structure

If brickwork around a metal stove is made in a bathhouse that has already been built, the floor covering will have to be dismantled.

The size of the concrete base is calculated by adding the size of the brickwork 20 cm + ventilation gap 10 cm + horizontal dimensions of the metal furnace.

Installation begins by selecting a layer of soil. The depth depends on the degree of soil freezing and is about 60 cm.

In the case of close groundwater, geotextiles or roofing felt, well coated with bitumen mastic, are laid on the bottom and sides of the pit.

A sand cushion is installed on the base of the resulting pit. The sand is laid wet and compacted thoroughly. A layer of gravel or crushed stone is poured on top and compacted.

Add another layer of sand 15 cm thick.

assemble a reinforcing grid from reinforcement or metal rods, with a cell size of 10*10;
pour concrete mortar, not reaching the edges of the pit by 10 cm;
after this, the concrete needs time to “mature” for three weeks;
several layers of roofing material are laid on top of the concrete base and a heat-resistant slab is installed;
lay a continuous row of bricks, which should not protrude beyond the boundaries of the refractory sheet; voids in the masonry are also unacceptable. Excess solution is immediately removed;
the second row is laid similarly to the first, but with offset seams;
observance of the horizontal plane is considered a mandatory condition.

Preparation of mortar for masonry

You can purchase a ready-made solution in a store or use a sand-clay mixture. To determine the best ratio of sand and clay, make a small batch from which a cylinder or bar is formed. Pay attention to the possible appearance of cracks, the absence of which is an indicator of quality.

It is preferable to use clay used for masonry from deep layers, without earthen and mechanical impurities.

To give the clay the required consistency and plasticity, it is kept in water for several days, after which it is ground through a sieve to remove debris.

A 1:1 proportion of clay and sand is considered good; liquid is added to it in small portions.

A high-quality mixture does not stick to the trowel and does not drip from it. When running a trowel over the solution, the mark left behind should not blur or have a torn structure.

To improve the quality of the masonry, add rock salt at the rate of 0.1 kg per bucket of finished mortar. It is also good to add cement and fireclay powder.

Technological process of furnace lining

The laying of a protective casing around a metal plate is carried out:

red solid brick, which has a high degree of heat resistance and a long service life;
fireclay brick, which has the same characteristics, but a higher cost;

ceramic refractory brick: it has all the positive properties of solid brick, but at the same time it has a more aesthetic appearance and can be used as a cladding brick.

In some cases, masonry is carried out with hollow bricks, but it must be taken into account that it has worse heat retention characteristics.

It is advisable to soak the brick before starting work. Dry brick is able to quickly absorb the liquid fraction through capillaries and does not allow the binding part of the solution to penetrate inside to increase the adhesion of the masonry. In the summer, this method is not difficult.

If the construction process takes place in the autumn-spring period, in cold, damp weather, dry the wet brick in finished product quite problematic. Heating for drying means dealing a blow to the strength even before the stove starts operating: uneven heating will destroy the seams. It is also impossible to leave the stove undried over the winter; the cold will tear the masonry under the influence of negative temperatures. In this case, make a more liquid solution and slightly wet the surface of the brick.

If there is insufficient construction experience, for the convenience of maintaining a horizontal plane, stretch a cord or fishing line around the perimeter of the masonry. Inconvenience this method consists in the need to raise the fishing line with each row.

You can pay 30-50% less for light, depending on what electrical appliances you use.

Finishing a stove in a bathhouse - how and with what material to finish a stove in a bathhouse

Finishing a stove in a bathhouse In this article, you will learn about finishing the stove: the material for lining the stove depends not only on the preferences of the bathhouse owner, but also on some other factors.

Materials must be used that do not support combustion and do not emit hazardous substances during heating. There are quite a lot of such materials, and their developers often specifically indicate this in the name with the words “bath” (“sauna”).

However, each of these materials has its own purpose and use.

Materials used to provide thermal insulation

In order for the steam rooms to heat up as quickly as possible, so that the heat in them is retained for as long as possible, their walls, ceilings and floors are insulated using various thermal insulation materials, the main varieties of which we will discuss below.

Mineral wool

Mineral wool is the material most often used for insulation purposes. The specificity of the bath microclimate and the hygroscopicity of cotton wool necessitate the installation of a vapor barrier that prevents moisture from getting inside this insulation. Ordinary, having a very high temperature sintering temperatures exceeding 250°C can be used to insulate all bath rooms, except steam rooms, since even a vapor barrier layer is not able to protect it from complete wetness. However, this does not apply to sauna rooms.

When arranging thermal insulation for steam rooms, materials such as Technikol, URSA, IzoverSauna, which have foil surfaces, should be used. Working with regular or slag is quite inconvenient, since this requires the use of protective clothing, respirators, and gloves.

Foam glass

Foam glass is especially valuable in cases where, during the construction of baths, special attention is paid to the safety and harmlessness of bath procedures. While foam glass is absolutely harmless, it has a high melting point (about 450°C), it does not burn, and has low hygroscopicity and thermal conductivity. There are the following varieties of this material:

scrap, crumbs or crushed stone used as bulk insulation, costing about $20 per m 3;
granules, also used as bulk insulation, cost about $70 per m 3;
blocks and slabs costing $100-200, convenient for insulating wall structures and ceilings and fastened with adhesive solutions.

The first two types of foam glass are excellent as insulation for attic floors and floors, where expanded clay was previously widely used.

Aerated concrete blocks

With low density they are included in the category of non-flammable insulation for walls. Since the characteristics of these blocks offered by trade enterprises are different, for the purpose of insulation, those with a density equal to or less than D400 should be used.

However, these easily installed, inexpensive, environmentally friendly and non-flammable blocks have two major disadvantages:

they must have a large thickness, several times greater than the thickness of mineral wool, which can be critical when constructing small baths;
their physical properties are such that it is extremely difficult to securely attach anything to them.

Non-combustible sheet materials

An important problem in the construction of baths is the protection of walls and partitions from the heat emitted by the stove. Often their protection is provided by sheet metal or brickwork, under which a layer of thermal insulation is placed, which is most often represented by cardboard or mineral wool. However, for this purpose other non-combustible sheet materials can be used, such as:

glass-magnesite sheet or abbreviated as SML. The advantages of this material are that it has low thermal conductivity, it is non-hygroscopic, does not burn or deform when exposed to moisture, is environmentally friendly and does not rot. Its strength allows tiles to be attached to it without preliminary reinforcing treatment. If the surface of the material is laminated, then it is called glass-magnesite plate or panel (GMP). Installation of LSU and SKP is carried out using profiles usually used with gypsum board.
calcium silicate sheet (SCL), consisting of silica components, including sand, and lime. Such sheets are not flammable, and no hazardous substances are released when heated. They are completely unaffected by water, do not deform, and neither mold nor mildew develops in them.

All these materials provide effective thermal protection for walls located next to the stove. SKL is excellent for arranging passage units, as well as for thermal insulation of pipes.

Checking glass-magnesium sheet (video)

They can be used anywhere where protection from high temperatures is needed.

Wires used in baths

All wires must be laid taking into account the safety measures provided for hot and wet areas. For installation, cables must be used that do not propagate combustion, which is especially important for a steam room. The safest option for arranging steam rooms is to exclude all electrical devices and elements from it and use fiber optic lamps to illuminate them.

Fire-resistant cables, which must be laid in baths, are themselves non-flammable, and their operation stops when an open fire occurs as a result of melting.

Experts believe that cables of the VVGng type with a cross section of 2.5 mm 2 are most suitable for baths. If their marking contains the designation LS, indicating low smoke during combustion, then such products are ideal for installation in any bathhouse.

Chimney thermal insulation

Baths in mandatory subject to thermal insulation. This is especially important where the pipe crosses the ceiling and the thickness of the roofing pie. In these places, ceiling-passage units (CPU) are installed, i.e. a box formed by non-combustible materials - metal, SML, etc.

Thermal insulation of the chimney is also carried out in the attic volume when a living space is being installed in the attic of a bathhouse or when an attempt is made to minimize the formation of condensation. The easiest option is mineral wool, secured around the pipe with wire.

When equipping a living room around the pipe, you can surround the pipe with a “sarcophagus” made of brick, which, playing a protective role, will become an excellent source and heat accumulator. If the structure of the bathhouse is not able to withstand the mass of bricks, then the box can be mounted from sheet materials such as SKL and SML.

When using stove heating there is a risk of fire. Most often this happens in wooden houses and bathhouses, since the surfaces located next to the heating device become very hot. To prevent disaster, you must follow the operating rules and when organizing construction, be sure to use fire-resistant materials for the walls around the stoves.

Brief historical background

The need for fireproof materials arose early in the development of human culture, when fire appeared. Gradually they became the basis of blast furnaces, steel-smelting and other furnaces. In the middle of the 17th century, refractory bricks began to be produced in Russia. During the reign of Peter I, a larger number of them were made on the basis of Moscow clays.

The cladding of the walls around the stove should not only be heat-resistant, but also match the interior of your room

In the 19th century, fireproof production developed only at metallurgical plants, while in Germany it was organized back in 1810, and in Europe they were already producing fireproof products in full swing. With the entry of the bourgeois class into the economic arena and with the development of industry, Russian scientists also began to work in this direction, and in 1893 the Belokamensk, Bryantsevsky and Latninsky refractory clay factories appeared.

In 1929, research on fire protection building materials began to be carried out in research laboratories. Fire-resistant paints for wood coatings and intumescent paints for metal were invented. Methods and rules for treating wood with fire retardant compounds are described in SNiP Sh-V.7−69, and GOST 16363–76 established the use of heat-resistant materials for the stove.

Today, out of 212 countries in the world, only 35 can claim to have a refractory industry, and half of the world's production belongs to the CIS and the USA. The importance of refractories in the economy of our country is very great. Without them, the production of many materials, the construction of various thermal units and space exploration are impossible.

Types of fireproof materials

There are many classifications of refractory materials: by shape, temperature, composition, etc., intended for specialists.

There are many fireproof materials for cladding; before choosing, you need to familiarize yourself with the features of each type

Simplified, they can be divided into the following:

Refractory refractories.
With increased resistance to high temperatures.

The first group is known as the material in the form of bricks and blocks for the manufacture of stoves and fireplaces. It is rarely used in private construction, since despite all the mechanical strength and heat resistance, these materials are susceptible to sudden changes in temperature. The exception is a special lightweight brick made of porous fireclay, used by stove makers for the construction of vaults and thermal chambers.

The latter are known in the form of non-flammable heat insulators and are used to protect various fire-hazardous structures. The form of their release in the form of heat-resistant materials for finishing walls near the stove is very convenient for covering surfaces located near heating devices.

Plates made of asbestos and glass fibers have good dielectric properties

Here are some of them:

Fireproof boards and cardboards made of pressed asbestos and glass fibers that can withstand heating up to +700°C. Now they are not recommended for use in residential premises, since asbestos releases substances harmful to human health. Having reduced the dangerous effect of ceramic finishing, it can be used in technical and utility buildings.
Fireproof slabs and sheets of mineralite, containing cement, sand and limestone, are resistant to moisture and any temperature, and their aesthetic appearance allows you to do without additional finishing. For this reason, it is used for the exterior decoration of buildings.
Magnesium glass sheets consist of expanded perlite, fiberglass, magnesium chloride and synthetic fibers. They form fire-resistant lining of areas near stoves and fireplaces, and are also used for interior decoration of walls and ceilings.
Rolls of basalt refractory fiber coated with aluminum have a heat-reflecting effect and are suitable for installing protective screens on wood-burning fireplaces and stoves. It is worth noting that some manufacturers add formaldehyde resins to its production, so you need to be careful when purchasing.
Terracotta tiles are made from clay. It is durable, environmentally friendly, with good fire retardant qualities. A product coated with a heat-resistant composition has a more contrasting color and looks aesthetically pleasing. Natural terracotta is porous, red and orange in color.
Superisol in sheets weighs little, is easy to process, is fire-resistant and is perfect for insulating heating devices and walls around them. But at the same time, it requires careful handling, as it is fragile and breaks easily.

In this video you will learn how to protect walls from high temperatures:

Stainless steel sheets are not formally classified as fire-resistant materials, but they are one of the effective fire-retardant coatings for walls and floors in front of the furnace. Steel is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature and is used for shielding stoves, fireplaces and steam boilers.

Wall cladding around the stove

When the wall is directly adjacent to the surface of the stove, it becomes very hot, which can lead to a fire. To avoid this, the wall is sheathed with non-combustible material. The cladding can be reflective or with cladding. When reflective, metal or galvanized sheets with heat-resistant insulation are used. From a health safety point of view, it is better to choose stainless steel, since zinc releases toxic substances when heated.

To cover the walls around the stove, you can use metal or galvanized sheets with heat-resistant insulation

First, mineralite insulation is attached to the wall at a distance of 2-3 cm, and a sheet of pre-polished stainless steel is placed on top. Heat rays are reflected from the shiny surface, and the heating of the wall is halved. In addition to cladding, cladding creates an aesthetically pleasing appearance. Drywall with the addition of fiberglass can serve well as a refractory material for cladding.

More information about protecting wooden walls:

The main fire-resistant sheet material for baths and heating boilers is heat-resistant plasterboard.

But its use is not necessary if the distances to the walls established by the norm are observed:

From brick stoves - at least 30 cm.
From lined ones - at least 70 cm.
From metal - at least 1 m.

If the stove is very close to the wall, additional protection will be required: one small spark or fallen ember can cause a fire.

Decorating the walls around the fireplace with non-combustible panels is a very convenient solution

This can be prevented by following a certain sequence of actions:

The wall is covered with a vapor barrier film consisting of foil, polyethylene and kraft paper. For fastening, a metal profile or ordinary wooden blocks are used.
Then comes the installation of insulation - foiled mineral wool, which must be laid in the sheathing so that it is on top, and the resulting joints should be sealed with tape.
After this, any heat-resistant sheet material is attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws using a sleeve.
To give the wall an aesthetic appearance, a mesh is laid on the resulting structure, onto which ceramic tiles are glued.

Amateur stove-makers also have the following inexpensive way to save walls. You will need metal tubes that are empty inside and profile sheets for the roof. The tubes are attached to the wall, with profile sheets on them, then another similar layer. As a result, hot air moves between the wall and the floor in the space left during the installation process, and the wall does not heat up.

Protective screens for heating devices

If safety rules are observed, protective screen panels are used. These are structures that insulate the side walls of furnaces. Most often, brick and steel are used as a protective screen. Depending on the shape, screens can be front or side. You can also see stoves on sale where a screen is not needed, and their safety is ensured by a special casing that reduces thermal radiation.

Screens for fireplaces will not only protect you from open fire, but will also be a wonderful addition to the interior

Nowadays, fireplace screens are very common, which not only protect against open fire, but also become an excellent accessory and decoration for a country house or city apartment. There are different materials available for screens: glass, copper, iron, brass, bronze.

Heat-resistant ceramic glass is especially often used, which reliably protects against sparks and coals and gives the home a special comfort and attractiveness. The disadvantage of this material is that the penetration of heat into the room is reduced.

You can make a fireplace screen with your own hands. A metal strip, cut to the size of the firebox, is decorated with a large number of chains, which are sold freely in any store. Hooks are hung on both sides of the firebox to secure chains when the fireplace is not lit.

In this video you will learn about thermal protection of walls: