Income of previous years identified in the reporting period of posting. How to take into account the profit of previous years identified in the reporting year Profit of previous years identified in the reporting period

The main goal of any commercial organization is to make a profit. But it often happens when the expenses incurred by an enterprise exceed the income received, and the financial result of the organization is a loss. You will learn from our article how to reflect losses in transactions and how losses of the reporting and previous periods should be recorded.

Its financial result—profit or loss—depends on the production and economic activity of an enterprise. To obtain the final result, the main and other activities of the company should be taken into account.

Taking into account transactions during the year, the company makes entries to and , which accumulate the amounts of income and expenses, respectively. To identify financial results at the end of the year. The company recognizes its activities as unprofitable at the end of the year; if the balance in account 90 is less than the balance in account 91, then expenses exceed income.

The loss is written off after closing. This operation is documented by posting Dt Kt 99 (writing off uncovered loss).

The loss indicator is cumulative. If there is profit from previous periods, the amount of loss can be repaid at its expense. If there is no profit, then the amount of the loss is summed up with the losses of previous years.

Reflection of losses in accounting

To clearly explain the typical operations carried out when identifying losses, let's look at examples.

Current year losses

Let’s say, based on the results of 2015, Flagman LLC conducts a survey, determining the financial result.

On the other hand, the balance sheet for the last day of 2015 looks like this:

After winding up the account balances, the accountant of Flagman LLC determined the financial result of the company as unprofitable. The following entries were made in accounting:

Dt	CT	Description	Sum	Document
	99.01	Closing the amount of profit (loss) from sales - subaccount	915,000 rub.
99.01		Closing the amount of profit (loss) from other activities - subaccount	41,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
99.01		Closing the amount of profit (loss) before taxation - subaccount 99.01 (915,000 rubles - 41,000 rubles)	874,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
99.02		Closing the amount of conditional income tax expense (income) - subaccount	695,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
99.02		Closing the amount of permanent tax liabilities - subaccount	18,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
	99.02	Closing subaccount 99.02 for accounting for income tax accruals	713,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
	99.03	Closing the amount of tax sanctions - subaccount 99.03	47,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet
84		Write-off of losses at the end of 2015 (RUB 874,000 - RUB 760,000)	111,000 rub.	Turnover balance sheet

When making entries, you should pay attention that after closing the 2nd and 1st order accounts, the accountant of Flagman LLC compared the debit and credit balances for account 99/9. The debit balance amounted to RUB 760,000. (RUB 713,000 + RUB 47,000), loan balance RUB 114,000. (RUB 874,000 - RUB 760,000). From these indicators it should be concluded that Flagman LLC had a loss at the end of 2015.

Postings for losses from previous years

Let’s imagine that in 2015, the accountant of Veksel LLC identified income and expenses relating to 2014. In this regard, income from the previous periods amounted to 74,000 rubles, and expenses - 118,000 rubles. Based on the discrepancies identified, the accountant of Veksel LLC was for 2014. According to the information provided in the primary declaration, the taxable profit of Veksel LLC was 83,000 rubles. In the updated declaration, the accountant of Veksel LLC showed a loss at the end of 2015 in the amount of 13,750 rubles.

The following entries were made in the accounting of Veksel LLC:

Dt	CT	Description	Sum	Document
91	76	Reflection of identified expenses of the previous year	118,000 rub.
99	68.04	Reflection of PNO in the amount of 24% of identified expenses in 2014 (RUB 118,000 * 24%)	320 rub.	Updated tax return
76	91	Reflection of identified income for 2014	74,000 rub.	Updated tax return
68.04	99	Reflection of PNA from the amount of identified income in 2014 (RUB 74,000 * 24%)	RUB 17,760	Updated tax return
68.04	99	Reflection of overpayment of income tax according to the updated declaration (RUB 83,000 x 24%);	RUB 19,920	Updated tax return
	99	Reflection of IT on the amount of loss in tax accounting for 2014, which arose upon filing an updated declaration (RUB 13,750 x 24%).	3,300 rub.	Updated tax return

Covering losses using reserve capital

Let’s say Prospekt LLC has a formed reserve capital in the amount of 314,850 rubles. At the end of 2015, Prospekt LLC received a loss of 118,740 rubles. By decision of the shareholders, the loss was covered from reserve capital.

The accountant of Prospekt LLC reflected this transaction in accounting as follows:

Data on the uncovered loss of the reporting year is entered into the tax return on line 1370. This value must be indicated in parentheses.

Expenses from prior years discovered in the current year are usually referred to as “previous year losses identified during the reporting period.” We will remind you about the procedure for their accounting and tax accounting in our consultation.

Last year's expenses identified in the reporting period: accounting

There can be a wide variety of entries for expenses from previous years. Both production cost accounts can be debited (for example, 20 “Main production”, 26 “General business expenses”), account 44 “Sales expenses”, and account 91 “Other income and expenses”. And even account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss).”

From the point of view of reflection in accounting accounts, losses of previous years recognized in the reporting year are considered only such last year expenses that are reflected in the debit of account 91 “Other income and expenses” (Order of the Ministry of Finance dated October 31, 2000 No. 94n, clause 11 of PBU 10/99). And this is how minor accounting errors identified after the date of signing the financial statements are reflected (clause 14 of PBU 22/2010).

For example, if you forgot to calculate depreciation for previous years, then it will be shown as a loss for previous years as follows:

Debit of account 91 - Credit of account 02 “Depreciation of fixed assets”

And, say, if last year the revenue from the sale of goods was erroneously overstated and the amount of overstatement is not significant, the resulting loss from previous years will need to be reflected as follows:

Debit of account 91 – Credit of account 62 “Settlements with buyers and customers”

Regardless of the level of materiality, as part of the losses of previous years identified in the reporting year, the debit of account 91 must show losses that arose as a result of obtaining new information that was not available to the organization at the time of reflection (non-reflection) of the facts of economic activity (clause 80 of the Order Ministry of Finance dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n, clause 2 PBU 22/2010).

For example, the supplier, due to an error in accounting, only in May 2018 issued a certificate of services rendered for the delivery of goods for June 2017. In this case, the purchaser of services, regardless of the amount of such delivery costs, will take into account the expenses of the previous year, identified in the reporting year, as follows:

Debit of account 91 – Credit of account 60 “Settlements with suppliers and contractors”

Recognition of expenses of previous years identified in the reporting period must be distinguished from writing off losses of previous years at the expense of profit. In the latter case, we mean an accounting entry of the form:

Debit of account 84, subaccount “Retained earnings of previous years” – Credit of account 84, subaccount “Loss of previous years”

Tax accounting of losses from previous years

Past expenses identified in the reporting period will be recognized as losses from previous years only if they are not errors. This means that the occurrence of such expenses or a decrease in income is associated with the emergence of new circumstances that the taxpayer was not previously aware of.

For example, last year an organization sold goods and recognized income tax revenue, but this year they were found to be defective and the goods were returned by the former buyer. A decrease in revenue is a loss from last year, which was identified in the reporting year and which the seller did not know about at the time of shipment (Letter of the Ministry of Finance dated July 25, 2016 No. 03-03-06/1/43372).

When calculating income tax, losses from previous years are taken into account as part of non-operating expenses of the current year (clause 1 of Article 252, clause 1 of clause 2 of Article 265, clause 1 of Article 272 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation).

But if we are talking about errors, then the identified expenses of previous years are generally taken into account by submitting an updated declaration for the period in which such an error occurred (Article 54 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation). For example, in May 2018, the organization discovered that for November 2017 it did not include labor costs in income tax expenses. She will need to file an amended tax return for 2017. Although, if at the end of 2017 income tax was payable, then it will be possible to take into account salary expenses in the declaration for the first half of 2018. This is due to the fact that the failure to include salaries in 2017 expenses resulted in an overpayment of taxes for 2017. And in this case, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation gives the taxpayer the right to take into account expenses either in the period to which they relate, or in the period when the error was discovered.

Correction of errors of past periods must be carried out using the income tax rate in effect in the period in which they were discovered. Experts from the GARANT Legal Consulting Service came to this conclusion after considering the following situation. Errors from previous years (2008) are associated: 1) with the discovery of expenses related to 2008 that were not taken into account either in accounting or tax accounting; 2) with additional depreciation on fixed assets (the amount of depreciation in tax accounting is less than in accounting); 3) with the restoration of the deferred tax liability (DTA), wrongfully written off in 2008.

Error correction procedure

In cases where an organization identifies in the current reporting period an incorrect reflection of business transactions in the accounting accounts of the previous year (hereinafter referred to as errors of the previous period) corrections to accounting and financial statements for the last reporting year(after approval of the annual financial statements in accordance with the established procedure) are not included. Such errors reflected in the current period at the time of their discovery(clause 11 of the Instructions on the procedure for drawing up and presenting financial statements (hereinafter referred to as the Guidelines for the preparation of financial statements) and clause 39 of the Regulations on accounting and financial reporting in the Russian Federation.

At the same time, losses and profits of previous years identified in the reporting year are other expenses or income and are reflected in the corresponding subaccounts of account 91 (clause 12 of PBU 10/99 “Organization expenses” (hereinafter referred to as PBU 10/99) and clause 8 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” (hereinafter referred to as PBU 9/99)) on the basis of an accounting certificate drawn up in accordance with the requirements of clause 2 of Art. 9 of the Federal Law of November 21, 1996 No. 129-FZ “On Accounting” (hereinafter referred to as Law No. 129-FZ) (see also letter of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated January 29, 2007 No. 03-03-06/1/42).

A decrease (increase) in income tax for 2008 is reflected in account 99 using the rate in force in 2008.

The procedure for correcting errors from the past period in tax accounting somewhat different.

According to paragraph 1 of Art. 54 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, if errors (distortions) are detected in the calculation of the tax base relating to previous tax (reporting) periods, tax liabilities are recalculated in the current (reporting) tax period during the period of error. And only if it is impossible to determine a specific period (or if the errors did not lead to an understatement of income tax), the tax liabilities of the reporting period in which errors (distortions) were identified are adjusted.

Application of PBU 18/02

In accordance with PBU 18/02 “Accounting for calculations of income tax of organizations”, the difference between accounting profit (loss) and taxable profit (loss), resulting from the application of various rules for recognizing income and expenses in accounting and tax accounting, consists of constant and temporary differences.

In this case, permanent and temporary differences are reflected separately in accounting. In analytical accounting, temporary differences are taken into account differentiated by the types of assets and liabilities in the assessment of which the temporary difference arose (clause 3 of PBU 18/02). Such accounting is necessary for the correct identification of temporary differences in future periods, in particular when correcting errors that lead to changes in temporary differences.

Permanent differences lead to the emergence of permanent tax assets (liabilities) (hereinafter referred to as PNA (PNO)). PNO is understood as the amount of tax that leads to an increase in tax payments for income tax in the reporting period. And PNA is the amount of tax that leads to a decrease in tax payments for income tax in the reporting period, therefore PNA (PNA) are reflected in the reporting period in which permanent differences arose.

In this case, the amount of PNA (PNA) is calculated as the product of the permanent difference that arose in the reporting period by the profit tax rate established and in force on the reporting date:

PNA (PNA) = Constant differenceThe tax rate established in paragraph 1 of Art. 284 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as of the date of recognition of the permanent difference.

Temporary differences are understood as income and expenses that form accounting profit (loss) in one reporting period, and the tax base for income tax in another or other reporting periods. Moreover, such differences, depending on their type, lead to the emergence of deferred tax assets and liabilities (hereinafter referred to as IT (IT)).

The amount of IT (IT) is determined as the product of deductible (taxable) temporary differences that arose in the reporting period by the profit tax rate established and in effect on the reporting date:

SHE (IT) = Deductible (taxable) temporary differenceThe tax rate established in paragraph 1 of Art. 284 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as of the date of recognition of the temporary difference.

Paragraphs 14 and 15 of PBU 18/02 provide that in the event of a change in income tax rates, the value of IT (IT) is subject to recalculation with the difference arising as a result of the recalculation being attributed to the account of retained earnings (uncovered loss). Thus, the decrease in the income tax rate from 01.01.2009 from 24 to 20% (Federal Law of November 26, 2008 No. 224-FZ) led to the need to reduce the size of the tax and tax liability accounted for as of December 31, 2008.

Note that other cases requiring recalculation of IT (IT) (for example, when correcting errors relating to periods in which a different tax rate was in effect) are not provided for in PBU 18/02.

Different procedures for correcting errors of past periods in accounting and tax accounting lead to the emergence of permanent tax differences(clauses 4 and 7 of PBU 18/02). Thus, the amount of error reflected in the “Other expenses” subaccount of account 91 is considered as a permanent difference, which is the source of the formation of PNO. Conversely, the amount of error reflected in the “Other income” subaccount of account 91 is considered as a permanent difference, which is the source of the formation of PNA. Moreover, when correcting an error, a permanent difference in the form of the amount of the error arises in any case, even if the operation is corrected, which in itself does not lead to differences.

When calculating PNA (PNA), the profit tax rate in effect in the reporting period in which the difference occurs is used.

Let’s assume that an organization mistakenly did not include the cost of legal services in the amount of 10 thousand rubles in 2008 expenses. (they are equally taken into account in expenses in both accounting and tax accounting). When correcting an error, the cost of these services in accounting is included in other expenses in the period the error was identified (2009), and in tax accounting - in the period to which these expenses relate (2008). As a result, a permanent difference arises, which forms a PNO in the amount of 2 thousand rubles. ( 10 thousand 20 %).

In accounting, the correction of such an error is formalized as follows:

Debit 91, subaccount "Other expenses" Credit 60 - 10 thousand rubles. - legal services provided in 2008 are reflected (based on the act);

Debit 99 Credit 68 - 2 thousand rubles. - reflected by PNO;

Debit 68 Credit 99 - 2.4 thousand rubles. ( 10 thousand 24 %) - .

Correction of errors of the previous period, which would have led to temporary differences in the period to which they relate, also leads to the emergence of temporary differences in the period of their correction. In this case, the adjustment to IT or IT is reflected in the reporting period, i.e. in the period in which the error was discovered (clause 11 of the Reporting Guidelines).

For example, an organization in 2009 revealed that the initial cost of a fixed asset (fixed asset), put into operation in March 2008, was underestimated by 10 thousand rubles. Let us assume that for accounting and tax accounting purposes the initial cost of the fixed asset is the same, the useful life of the fixed asset for accounting purposes is 24 months, for tax accounting - 36 months.

Thus, depreciation charges for 9 months of 2008 (from April to December) were underestimated: in accounting - by 3,750 rubles. ( 10 thousand. / 24 9 ); in tax accounting - by 2500 rubles. (10 thousand / 36 9).

The difference between the amount of depreciation deductions in accounting and tax accounting amounted to 1,250 rubles. ( 3750 – 2500 ), is deductible (in the future, when the object is fully depreciated in accounting, but not in tax accounting, it will reduce income tax) and leads to the need to increase IT by 250 rubles. ( 1250 20 %).

We draw the attention of taxpayers that this accounting difference will arise in 2009, i.e., when the accounting error is corrected and the initial cost of the fixed assets is increased. That is why, in our opinion, when additionally accruing IT, the profit tax rate in force in 2009 should be applied.

Due to the fact that in accounting in 2009, when correcting an error from the previous period (2008), depreciation charges in the amount of 3,750 rubles were taken into account, and when calculating income tax, this amount was not taken into account (and will not be taken into account in the future), a permanent difference arises, which in turn forms a PNO in the amount of 750 rubles. ( 3750 20 %).

We recommend that you reflect in accounting adjustments to the amounts of ONA (ONO) associated with the correction of errors of previous periods in correspondence with account 84 “Retained earnings (uncovered loss)”. An adjustment in correspondence with the “Income Tax” subaccount of account 68 may lead to the appearance of a balance in this subaccount that will not correspond to the actual data (i.e., the income tax return data). Note that this is the order error correction (using account 84) is proposed in the draft of the new PBU 22/2009 “Correcting errors in accounting and reporting”.

In accounting, an increase in the initial cost of fixed assets and additional depreciation charges are reflected as follows:

Debit 08 Credit 60 and

Debit 01 Credit 08 - 10 thousand rubles. - the initial cost of the OS has been adjusted;

Debit 91, subaccount "Other expenses" Credit 02 - 3750 rub. - additional depreciation charges were accrued for 2008;

Debit 99 Credit 68, subaccount "Income Tax" - 750 rubles. - PNO related to additional accrual of depreciation charges for 2008 is reflected;

Debit 09 Credit 84 - 250 rub. - ONA was additionally accrued in connection with additional depreciation charges for 2008;

Debit 68 Credit 99 - 600 rub. ( 2500 24 %) - reflects the reduction (restoration) of income tax for 2008.

Filling out forms

First of all, we note that the current income tax reflected in line 150 profit and loss statement (form No. 2) must be equal to the amount of income tax specified in the income tax return (clause 22 of PBU 18/02).

In this case, the amounts of profits and losses of previous years reflected in account 91 “Other income and expenses” will form the financial result for the reporting period in which the error of previous periods was identified and corrected. These amounts are indicated in Form No. 2 for a given reporting period according to lines 090"Other income" and 100 "Other expenses" and in turn participate in determining the value lines 140"Profit (loss) before tax." Amounts of PNA (PNA) associated with the correction of errors of previous periods are indicated for reference in line 200 "Permanent tax liabilities (assets)."

Adjustments to ONA (ONO) related to the correction of errors of previous periods are not reflected in Form No. 2, since they are not taken into account when calculating the current income tax.

In accordance with the last paragraph of Art. 22 PBU 18/02 the amount of additional payment (overpayment) of income tax due to the detection of errors (distortions) in previous reporting (tax) periods, which does not affect the current income tax of the reporting period, is reflected in a separate item in the profit and loss statement (after items of current income tax). The Russian Ministry of Finance recommends indicating these amounts after the current income tax indicator reflected in line 150 form No. 2 in an additional line"Other calculations with the budget for income tax". This line reflects the amounts of additional payment (overpayment) of tax indicated in the updated declarations.

The adjusted amounts of ONA (ONO) in the balance sheet (form No. 1) are taken into account according to the same lines 145 And 515 . Besides, in line 470“Retained earnings (uncovered loss)” indicates the adjusted amount of retained earnings (uncovered loss) of previous years.

Experts from the Legal Consulting Service GARANT
O. Tkach, V. Gornostaev

Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 22, 2003 No. 67n.
Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated July 29, 1998 No. 34n.
Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 No. 33n.
Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n.
Approved by Order of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated November 19, 2002 No. 114n.
See letters of the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated December 10, 2004 No. 07-05-14/328 and dated August 23, 2004 No. 07-05-14/219.
Published on the official website of the Russian Ministry of Finance: www.minfin.ru
See letters from the Ministry of Finance of Russia dated August 23, 2004 No. 07-05-14/219 and dated December 10, 2004 No. 07-05-14/328.

The Russian Ministry of Finance clarified that an organization has the right to include in the tax base of the current reporting period the amount of an identified error that led to excessive payment of tax in the previous reporting period only if a profit was made in the current reporting period. If, at the end of the current reporting period, a loss is incurred, then it is necessary to recalculate the tax base for the period in which the error occurred ().

Let us recall that if errors are detected in the calculation of the tax base relating to previous tax periods, in the current tax period the tax base and tax amount are recalculated for the period in which these errors were made ().

Representatives of the Russian Ministry of Finance emphasized that this is possible in two cases: when it is impossible to determine the period of errors (distortions) and when the mistakes made led to excessive payment of tax.

In which tax period it is necessary to reflect the unaccounted income of the previous tax period, find out from the material "Accounting for income from previous years identified in the reporting (tax) period " V " Encyclopedia of solutions. Taxes and fees" Internet version of the GARANT system. Get free access for 3 days!

Thus, a taxpayer who made errors that led to excessive payment of tax in the previous tax period has the right to adjust the tax base for the tax period in which the errors were identified.

Failure to reflect, for the purpose of taxing the profits of organizations, expenses that arose in previous tax periods, but were identified in the current reporting period as a result of receiving primary documents, is a distortion of the tax base of the previous tax period; therefore, these transactions are subject to the provisions.

In turn, the tax base when calculating profit tax is the monetary expression of profit, determined in accordance with, subject to taxation ().

If in the reporting period the taxpayer incurred a loss, then in this reporting period the tax base is recognized as zero (). In this regard, recalculation of the tax base of the current reporting period is impossible.

Consequently, expenses related to previous tax periods identified as a result of receiving primary documents in the current reporting period can be taken into account in the tax period of their discovery, subject to the conditions established taking into account the provisions.

As an example, we can cite a situation where primary documents for communication services provided in October of the previous year were received by the organization only in February of the current year, after the annual accounting and tax reports for the previous year had been submitted. The amount of the identified unaccounted expense resulted in an excessive payment of income tax in the previous year. Accordingly, a correction in tax accounting can be made in the current tax period by reflecting the unaccounted expense in the tax reporting for the first quarter of the current year.

Financiers also drew attention to the fact that an application for a credit or refund of the amount of overpaid tax, including due to a recalculation of the tax base that resulted in an excessive payment of tax, can be submitted within three years from the date of payment of the tax ().

Unfortunately, primary documents do not always arrive at the accounting department on time. There are often cases when it is necessary to reflect in the accounts the income and expenses of previous years attributable to documents received late. In this case, as a rule, an updated data is also submitted. This article will discuss the features of accounting according to PBU 18/02 in cases where income and expenses of previous years are identified.

Why will there be permanent differences?

In accordance with clause 8 of PBU 9/99 “Income of the organization” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated May 6, 1999 No. 32n) and clause 12 of PBU 10/99 “Expenses of the organization” (approved by order of the Ministry of Finance dated May 6, 1999 . No. 33n), income and expenses of previous years identified in the reporting year are subject to accounting in the reporting period when they were identified as part of other income and expenses under account 91 “Other income and expenses”.

In order to take into account these incomes and expenses of previous years for the purpose of taxation with income tax, taxpayers, according to the rules of Article 81 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, submit updated income tax returns for previous years, which include the identified amounts.

Paragraph 4 of PBU 18/02 “Accounting for calculations of income tax of organizations” establishes that permanent differences are understood as income and expenses that form the accounting profit (loss) of the reporting period and are excluded from the calculation of the tax base for income tax, both reporting and subsequent reporting periods.

Consequently, income and expenses of previous years identified in the reporting period will be taken into account in accounting as income and expenses in the reporting year in which they were identified. At the same time, for income tax purposes, these incomes and expenses will not be taken into account in the reporting year in which they were identified. Also, they will not be taken into account for income tax in future tax periods, because These incomes and expenses will be reflected in the updated declarations that will be filed for the past years.

Thus, profits and losses of previous years identified in the reporting year fall under the definition of permanent differences, because in the current accounting they will be reflected as income and expenses, but in the tax accounting of the current year and in the future, they will not be taken into account, since they relate to previous tax periods for income tax.

PNO and PNA

In this regard, the income and expenses of previous years identified and reflected in the accounting records represent permanent differences that are subject to accounting in the following order:

Expenses of previous years, multiplied by the income tax rate (24%), lead to the formation of a permanent tax liability (PNO), which must be reflected by posting Debit 99 Credit 68;

Income from previous years, multiplied by the income tax rate (24%), leads to the formation of a permanent tax asset (PTA), which must be reflected by posting Debit 68 Credit 99.

These entries are reflected in the current accounting of the period when they were identified, regardless of what financial result (profit or loss) was in the accounting and tax accounting of the period to which they actually relate and for which an updated tax return will be filed. profit. In addition to the above entries, it may be necessary to reflect the following in accounting.

If, according to the updated income tax return filed for previous years, due to the identification of these incomes and expenses of previous years, arrears arise, then this arrears, together with accumulated penalties, must be reflected in the current accounting records by posting Debit 99 Credit 68 If, according to the updated declaration, the amount of income tax decreases compared to the initial declaration, i.e. If there is an overpayment of income tax, then this overpayment must be recorded in current accounting by posting Debit 68 Credit 99.

When will temporary differences occur?

If in the tax period for which the amended declaration is filed, a loss was recorded in tax accounting that was declared in the primary declaration, and the amended declaration only adjusts its amount up or down, then as a result of filing the amended declaration in the current year, no arrears, no overpayments.

According to paragraph 11 of PBU 18/02, deductible temporary differences include losses carried forward, not used to reduce income tax in the reporting period, but which will be accepted for tax purposes in subsequent reporting periods. Deductible temporary differences multiplied by the income tax rate (24%) create a deferred tax asset (DTA), which is subject to reflection in accounting by posting Debit 09 Credit 68. In the future, when in tax accounting there will be a transfer of this loss to expenses according to the rules of Article 283 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation, the created ONA will be repaid in the appropriate part attributable to the transferred loss (Debit 68 Credit 09).

It must be said that the need to apply exactly this approach, in the event of losses in tax accounting, was indicated by the Ministry of Finance in its letter dated July 14, 2003 No. 16-00-14/219.

Accordingly, if at the end of any year (tax period) a loss has arisen in tax accounting, then this loss, multiplied by 24%, according to the rules of PBU 18/02, is subject to reflection in accounting by posting Debit 09 Credit 68.

If in subsequent years unaccounted income and expenses related to the past unprofitable tax period are revealed, which, through an updated declaration, change the tax loss of this past year up or down, then there is a need to adjust account 09 “ONA” related to this tax loss. This adjustment, in our opinion, should be made by posting: Debit 09 Credit 99 (if the loss has increased) or Debit 99 Credit 09 (if the loss has decreased). The adjustment in correspondence specifically with account 99 “Profits and losses” is due to the fact that such an adjustment cannot be carried out in correspondence with account 68, because reflection of entries Debit 09 Credit 68 or Debit 68 Credit 09 is possible only in terms of income tax related to the current period and the current tax base for income tax.

Reflection in the Profit and Loss Statement

Arrears and overpayments of corporate income tax that arose as a result of filing an updated tax return in the Profit and Loss Statement (Form No. 2) are subject to reflection in an additional line, which must be provided between the line “Current income tax” and the line “Net profit (loss) of the reporting period.” The Ministry of Finance adheres to a similar position (letter of the Ministry of Finance dated August 23, 2004 No. 07-05-14/219).

The amounts of adjustments to IT, as a result of changes in the tax loss of previous years, reflected in the current accounting by entries Debit 09 Credit 99 or Debit 99 Credit 09, in the Profit and Loss Statement are also subject to reflection in an additional line (it is possible to introduce a second additional line), between the line “ Current income tax" and the line "Net profit (loss) of the reporting period." The need to introduce additional lines in form No. 2 in cases where accounts 09 “ONA” and 77 “ONO” correspond with account 99 “Profits and losses” was indicated in the letter of the Ministry of Finance dated September 14, 2005 No. 07-05-06/243 .

The main thing is the financial result in tax accounting

It must be said that the fundamental thing when reflecting transactions according to the rules of PBU 18/02, in cases where updated income tax returns for previous years are submitted, is the financial result (profit or loss) of this past period in tax accounting. The accounting financial result of this adjusted period is not important. Let's consider the situations that may arise when submitting updated tax returns for income tax.

First situation

Identified income and expenses increase the taxable profit of the previous tax period.

Example

In the current year 2007, income and expenses related to the previous year 2006 have been identified. Income from previous years amounted to 40,000 rubles, and expenses - 15,000 rubles. In this regard, an updated declaration is submitted for the previous year, which for tax purposes was profitable. As a result of filing an updated tax return, last year's taxable profit increased by RUB 25,000. and, accordingly, the organization had arrears in the amount of 6,000 rubles. (RUB 25,000 x 24%). The following entries must be recorded in accounting:

DEBIT 91 Credit 76 (60, 10, etc.)

– last year’s losses are reflected - 15,000 rubles;

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68

– PNO is reflected in the amount of 24% of the losses of previous years - 3,600 rubles;

– last year’s profit is reflected - 40,000 rubles;

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– PNA is reflected in the amount of 24% of the profit of previous years - 9,600 rubles;

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68

– accrued arrears that arose as a result of filing an updated tax return for income tax - 6,000 rubles.

If, as a result of filing an updated tax return, the taxable profit of the previous year decreased, and, accordingly, the taxpayer would have an overpayment of income tax, then the following entry would need to be recorded in accounting:

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– reflects the overpayment of income tax that arose as a result of filing an updated tax return.

Second situation

Identified income and expenses reduce the tax loss of the previous tax period.

Example

In the current year, income and expenses related to the previous year have been identified. Income from previous years amounted to 20,000 rubles, and expenses - 25,000 rubles.

In this regard, an updated declaration is submitted for the previous year, which for tax purposes was unprofitable.

As a result of filing an updated tax return, the tax loss of the previous year increased by 5,000 rubles. The following entries must be recorded in accounting:

– last year’s losses are reflected - 25,000 rubles;

Debit 99 Credit 68

– PNO is reflected in the amount of 24% of losses from previous years - 6,000 rubles;

DEBIT 76 (60, 10, etc.) Credit 91

– last year’s profit is reflected - 20,000 rubles;

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– PNA is reflected in the amount of 24% of the profit of previous years - 4800 rubles;

DEBIT 09 CREDIT 99

– an adjustment to IT is reflected in the amount of 24% of the difference between what the loss in tax accounting became after filing the updated declaration and what it was before filing it - 1,200 rubles. (RUB 5,000 x 24%).

If, as a result of filing an updated tax return, the tax loss of the previous year had decreased, then the accounting would need to reflect the following entry:

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 09

– an adjustment to OTA is reflected in the amount of 24% of the difference between what the loss in tax accounting was before filing the updated declaration and what it became after filing it.

Third situation

The identified income and expenses of the previous tax period turned the previous profitable tax period into a loss-making one.

Example

In the current year, income and expenses related to the previous year have been identified. Income from previous years amounted to 45,000 rubles, and expenses - 115,000 rubles. In this regard, an updated declaration is submitted for the previous year, for which, according to the primary declaration, the taxable profit was 60,000 rubles.

As a result of filing an updated tax return, last year became unprofitable for income tax purposes (loss amounted to 10,000 rubles).

The following entries must be recorded in accounting:

DEBIT 91 Credit 76 (60.10, etc.)

– last year’s losses are reflected - 115,000 rubles;

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68

– PNO is reflected in the amount of 24% of the losses of previous years - 27,600 rubles;

DEBIT 76 (60, 10, etc.) Credit 91

– last year’s profit is reflected - 45,000 rubles;

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– PNA is reflected in the amount of 24% of the profit of previous years - 10,800 rubles;

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– reflects the overpayment of income tax that arose as a result of filing an updated tax return - RUB 14,400. (RUB 60,000 x 24%);

DEBIT 09 CREDIT 99

– IT is reflected in the amount of 24% of the loss in tax accounting of the previous year, which arose as a result of filing an updated tax return - 2,400 rubles. (RUB 10,000 x 24%).

Fourth situation

Identified income and expenses of the previous tax period turned the previous unprofitable tax period into a profitable one.

Example

In the current year, income and expenses related to the previous year have been identified. Income from previous years amounted to 75,000 rubles, and expenses - 35,000 rubles. In this regard, an updated declaration is submitted for the previous year, which for tax purposes was unprofitable. The loss on the primary declaration amounted to 5,000 rubles. As a result of filing an amended tax return, last year became profitable for income tax purposes. Taxable profit according to the updated declaration amounted to 35,000 rubles. The following entries must be recorded in accounting:

DEBIT 91 Credit 76 (60.10, etc.)

– last year’s losses are reflected - 35,000 rubles;

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68

– PNO is reflected in the amount of 24% of the losses of previous years - 8,400 rubles;

DEBIT 76 (60, 10, etc.) Credit 91

– last year’s profit is reflected - 75,000 rubles;

DEBIT 68 CREDIT 99

– PNA is reflected in the amount of 24% of the profit of previous years - 18,000 rubles;

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 68

– the income tax arrears arising as a result of filing an updated tax return are reflected - RUB 8,400. (RUB 35,000 x 24%);

DEBIT 99 CREDIT 09

– reflects the write-off of OTA attributable to the tax loss on the primary income tax return, which was eliminated as a result of filing an updated return - 1,200 rubles. (RUB 5,000 x 24%).