How is social support for families with children carried out and how is it expressed? Social support measures for families with children Subsidies for the purchase of housing.
In different life situations, a child can be left without parents and the state assumes responsibility for providing for such children, while each region makes its own decision.
The reasons why a child may be left without parents are different and, in this regard, such children are divided into: orphans (who have both or only parent died) and children left without parental care, who were left without the care of a single parent or both parents due to: deprivation parental rights, restriction of rights, recognition as missing, incapacitated, declaring them dead, parents serving a sentence of imprisonment if the only parent or both parents are unknown, etc.
The status of the child is determined by legislative level, but at the same time he receives the same support for different statuses. The solution to the problem of education is solved by: placing a child in a boarding school or appointing a guardian (for children under 14 years old) or a trustee (for children over 14 years old). Consider what guarantees and benefits are provided to this category of citizens by the state.
Normative regulation of social assistance and support for orphans
Accommodation and education of orphans
If a child is deprived of parents, its further existence is determined by the state. If a child is placed in a boarding school, he lives on full support, and during the course of education in a boarding school, he is provided with clothes, shoes, soft furnishings, equipment and a one-time cash allowance according to the norms and in the manner established in accordance with the law.
The state, in order to protect the rights and interests of orphans and children left without parental care, as well as persons from among orphans and children left without parental care, provides them with additional guarantees on the right to education. Orphans can study in preparation courses for admission to institutions of secondary and higher vocational education free of charge and are admitted without competition to educational institutions of SVE and HE, subject to successful passing of entrance exams. At the same time, they have the right to receive a second primary vocational education without payment.
Orphans studying in state educational institutions of NGOs and SPO, state and municipal educational institutions of HE and VPO are enrolled in full state support until they graduate from this educational institution and until they reach the age of 23 they retain the right to full state support and additional guarantees for social support while receiving professional education.
Orphans studying in state educational institutions, in addition to full state support, are paid:
- a scholarship, the size of which must be increased by at least 50% compared to the size of the scholarship established for students in this educational institution
- 100% wages accrued during the period of industrial training and industrial practice
- annual allowance for the purchase educational literature and writing materials in the amount of a three-month scholarship (carried out 30 days before the start of the academic year)
When students (orphans) are granted academic leave for medical reasons, full state support is maintained for the entire period and a scholarship is paid, and the educational institution assists in organizing their treatment.
Orphans studying in state educational institutions are provided with free travel:
- by urban, suburban, intra-district transport (except taxis)
- once a year to the place of residence and back to the place of study
Orphaned children (graduates), with the exception of persons continuing full-time education in educational institutions of vocational education, at the expense of educational institutions of primary, secondary and higher vocational education, where they studied, are provided once:
- clothes, shoes, soft stock, equipment according to the norms, in accordance with the law (at the request of the graduate, financial compensation for their acquisition or transferred as a contribution in the name of a graduate to an institution of the Savings Bank of the Russian Federation)
- a one-time cash benefit in the amount of at least 500 rubles.
Medical care and recreational activities for orphans
Persons from among orphans and children left without parental care are provided with:
- free medical service and surgical treatment in any state and municipal health facility (including clinical examination, rehabilitation, regular medical examinations)
- free vouchers to school and student sports and recreation camps (bases) for labor and recreation, if there are medical indications - to sanatorium and resort institutions, free travel to the place of rest, treatment and back
Solving the housing problems of orphans
Orphaned children who had a dwelling retain the right to it for the entire period of stay in an educational institution, regardless of the form of ownership, for the period of service in the ranks of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and for the period of being in institutions of deprivation of liberty.
Orphans who do not have a fixed living space are provided with living space by the executive authorities at the place of residence out of turn for a period not exceeding 3 months.
Residential premises under contracts social recruitment are provided in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation and the region, with an area not lower than the legislation of the norm for the provision of living space under a social tenancy agreement (12 sq.m per person) and no more:
- 33 sq.m - for orphans living alone
- 42 sq.m - for a family of 2 people who are orphans
- 18 sq.m - for each member of the family (orphans) with its number of 3 people or more
Answers to common questions
Question #1: What benefits do orphans have when applying to employment centers?
Answer: Orphans registered with the employment service in the status of unemployed are paid unemployment benefits in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation and the employment service bodies provide vocational guidance, send them to receive additional professional education, and organize employment.
Question #2: Can orphans get free legal assistance?
Answer: Orphans and their legal representatives can apply for free legal assistance on issues related to the provision and protection of the rights and legitimate interests children.
Social support measures and benefits for families with children established by the Federal Law of May 19, 1995 N 81-FZ "On State Benefits to Citizens with Children", a number of other federal and regional regulatory legal acts, which provide for all families:
- Child benefits
- The list of child benefits for citizens with children related to their birth and upbringing is established federal law dated May 19, 1995 N 81-FZ.
- Monthly payments for children
- Appointed in accordance with Federal Law N 418-FZ of December 28, 2017 “On monthly payments to families with children” from January 1, 2018.
- Maternal family capital
- It is appointed once at the birth or adoption of a second, third or subsequent child in the period from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2026. From January 1, 2020, it is also appointed at the birth of the first child.
- Mortgage subsidies
Provided:
- within 3 years- in connection with the birth of a second child by a citizen from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022;
- within 5 years- in connection with the birth of a third child by a citizen from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022.
- Monthly subsidy for parents to pay for kindergarten
- Appointed for the supervision and care of the child by an organization that carries out preschool educational activities. When providing compensation, the eligibility criteria are established by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation laws and other regulatory legal acts.
- Social pension for the loss of the breadwinner
- Assigned to children under the age of 18, as well as older than this age, studying full-time in basic educational programs in organizations engaged in educational activities, until they complete such training, but no longer than until they reach the age of 23, who have lost one or both parents, and the children of a dead single mother.
- Tax credits for parents on children
- Established by Article 217 of the Tax Code Russian Federation.
In order to enhance the effectiveness of social support measures for families with children, student families, families with many children, low-income families, and single mothers are divided into separate social categories. Measures of social support and benefits for large families and poor families are described in more detail in the relevant sections of the portal.
In addition to federal measures social support for families with children regional level other measures of state support may be taken. Thus, in the Moscow Region, in accordance with the Law of January 12, 2006 No. 1/2006-OZ "On measures of social support for families and children in the Moscow Region", the following types social benefits for families with children:
- a one-time allowance at the birth of a child;
- monthly allowance for a child;
- monthly allowance for disabled children;
- monthly allowance for student families with children.
And the Social Code of St. Petersburg establishes for families with children, monthly allowances for the purchase of children's goods, baby food, special dairy products:
- for a child aged from birth to 1.5 years;
- for a child aged 1.5 to 7 years;
- for a child aged 7 to 16 years or until graduation from an educational institution that implements educational programs primary general, basic general, secondary (complete) general education, but not older than 18 years;
- for a child aged from birth to 18 years old from a family where both legal representatives (the only legal representative) are disabled people of I and (or) II groups;
- for a disabled child aged from birth to 18 years;
- for a disabled child aged from birth to 18 years old from a family where both legal representatives (the only legal representative) are disabled people of I and (or) II groups;
- for an HIV-infected child under the age of 18;
- for a disabled child with special needs.
More information about regional benefits and measures of social support for families with children can be found in the section "Measures of social support for citizens and benefits in the regions" by region of residence.
Related news
- Young families are eligible for preferential mortgages
Mortgage loan for preferential terms young families can be provided under federal and regional programs. Since 2018, the family mortgage program has been operating at 6%. In 2020, opportunities for families with children to receive benefits increased through local programs and additional payments.
- How the regions of the Urals will distribute the billion rubles allocated for social support
Ural federal district occupies only the sixth place in terms of population among nine "colleagues", and in terms of area it is one of the three largest. This means that we have something to strive for - vast territories are waiting for pioneers. I would like to believe that the innovations that will be remembered for 2020 will help ...
- New payments and benefits prepared for poor Russians
The fight against poverty has been a key topic on the political agenda since 2018, and the same goal is set for the new Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin and his new government. Earlier it became known that he was categorically against the exemption of people with low incomes from taxation, suggesting in return ...
- Measures of social support and benefits for former minor prisoners of fascism
- Measures of social support for citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster
- Social support measures for citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Mayak accident
- Measures of social support for citizens affected by nuclear tests at the Semipalatinsk test site
- Measures of social support for citizens from special risk units
- Measures of social support for citizens with special merits and outstanding achievements
- Measures of social support and benefits for orphans and children left without parental care
- Measures of social support for the elderly (benefits for pensioners)
- Measures of social support and benefits for war veterans
Latest federal news on social support
- Non-state pension can be received five years earlier
Almost 5 million working Russians who participate in corporate pension programs or who themselves have entered into agreements with non-state pension funds will be able to receive their payments five years earlier.
In Russia, the authorities provide assistance to families in which children are brought up. Families benefit from budget funds. Part of the benefits is financed from the all-Russian treasury. They are the same for all citizens of the country. And some preferences are provided by the region. Money for them is also allocated by the subject of the federation. The type and size of local preferences depends on the region where the family lives.
Types of family support
Money from the treasury is paid on the basis of the norms of the law. The document indicates the category of the recipient. This is a group that has the same features. For example, pregnant women, mothers of children under three years of age and others.
For families with babies, the laws provide for such types of assistance:
subsidies;
social support;
provision of housing under a social contract.
Attention: the listed preferences do not apply to all mothers with babies. The conditions for obtaining each are separately described in the laws.
What is due to all mothers according to the all-Russian legislation?
A young mother can count on such gratuitous assistance from the state:
allowance for pregnancy and childbirth (paid to working, laid-off workers, students, military personnel);
lump-sum payment upon the appearance of a newborn (required by everyone);
adoption allowance.
For families with problems of various kinds, services are provided social workers. These can be used, for example, by mothers of children with disabilities or the poor. To receive assistance from a social worker, you need to conclude an agreement with the service.
Tax breaks for families with children
In the workplace, mom and dad are entitled to tax deductions (concessions). The privilege is described in tax code. It represents a reduction in the amount of earnings on which tax is calculated. This is called lowering the tax base. The rules are:
for the first baby they do not charge fees from 1,400.0 rubles. (the specified amount is deducted from the salary, and 13% is deducted from the rest to the budget);
for the second, they reduce by another 1,400.0 rubles;
for the third for 3,000.0 rubles;
for a child with a disability for 12,000.0 rubles.
Hint: you can get a deduction at your place of work. To do this, you need to bring the birth certificates of babies to the accounting department.
In addition, parents get back part of the money spent on the education or treatment of the child. This benefit is issued at the local branch. tax office. Both parents can apply. The money will be returned after checking the documents either to the applicant's card or through the employer.
Basic conditions for receiving state support
Only citizens of the Russian Federation. In addition, the law requires moms and dads to live in the country for at least six months. There are additional restrictions. For example, a non-working mother cannot apply for maternity leave.
Attention: social payments do not rely on foreigners and refugees. Without Russian passport they will not be issued.
Help for large families
The laws distinguish several types of beneficiaries. They are entitled to privileges in local regulations.
Thus, the authorities in the regions determine which family is recognized as having many children (there is no such definition in all-Russian laws). As a rule, such a unit of society is recognized in which more than three minors.
This is a separate benefit group. It provides for the following types of social assistance:
monthly benefits;
payment once a year to prepare students for school;
lowering the bill for the payment of the kindergarten;
subsidies for utility bills;
free provision of medicines for children under six years of age;
preferential conditions for obtaining a mortgage;
providing free vouchers for summer recreation.
Hint: most benefits are issued by the social security authorities. Employees are required to explain to moms and dads the types and conditions for obtaining privileges.
Mothers of many children have a number of other advantages. They are entitled to a pension five years earlier than other women. The authorities award mothers with an honorary badge. And some amounts of money are paid for it in the regions. The size and regularity of payments depends on the subject of the federation.
Social support for low-income families
A low-income family is recognized if the income per person does not exceed the indicator living wage(PM). This is set at the regional and all-Russian level on a quarterly basis at the end of the reporting period.
Measures to help the needy with children are provided regulations subjects of the federation. These include:
monthly payments;
natural types of support with food, things and services;
subsidies for utility bills;
subsidies to pay for public transport;
Attention: schoolchildren from low-income families are provided with free vouchers for summer recreation. As a rule, on sites of day stay. Sometimes - in suburban institutions.
Support for single mothers
Single parents also enjoy the care of the authorities. Measures to provide assistance to them are determined by the region of residence. These include:
monthly benefits;
payments in critical circumstances;
natural support with products or things.
Attention: in the Labor Code there are rules prohibiting the involvement of single mothers under certain conditions to work on holidays and weekends. In addition, they are supposed to another vacation V convenient time(depending on the number of children).
Maternal capital
Each mother with the appearance of a second newborn is issued a certificate for RUB 453,026
Money is not handed out. They can only be invested in the directions prescribed by law. Namely:
purchase of an apartment;
expansion of existing housing (reconstruction);
mortgage repayment;
paying for children's education;
rehabilitation of a minor disabled person;
pension savings.
Most regions of the Russian Federation also pay matkapital. The rules are different everywhere. Almost everywhere, a regional certificate is required for a mother for a third baby. The amount depends on the subject. In some, the certificate is only allowed to be invested, in others, the capital is paid to the card.
Conclusion
The state helps parents create good conditions for the upbringing and development of the next generation. This is done as part of the implementation of social policy.
The types and amounts of state support are determined by laws: national or local. To obtain privileges, mommy should contact state structures or to an employer. Automatic payments are not made.
As noted, social support for families with children in our country is carried out in two ways: within the framework of compulsory social insurance in connection with motherhood and through state social security. At the same time, benefits of one type can be paid, respectively, both at the expense of the FSS and at the expense of various budgets, depending on whether the person is subject to compulsory social insurance.
As part of state social security the following types of grants are assigned:
- maternity allowance;
- a one-time allowance for women registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy;
- a one-time allowance at the birth of a child;
- a one-time allowance for the transfer of a child to be raised in a family;
- monthly allowance for child care;
- monthly allowance for a child;
- a one-time allowance for the pregnant wife of a conscripted military serviceman;
- monthly allowance for the child of a military serviceman who is in military service by conscription.
Some of the listed benefits are also paid as part of compulsory social insurance at the expense of the FSS. The payment of these benefits is made at the expense of the following sources (Table 11.1).
Sources of Child Benefit Payments
|
Type of allowance |
Mandatory social insurance |
State social security |
||
|
Federal |
The budget of the subject of the Russian Federation |
Subventions federal |
||
|
Maternity allowance |
||||
|
One-time allowance for women registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy |
||||
|
One-time allowance for the birth of a child |
||||
|
One-time allowance for the transfer of a child to be raised in a family |
||||
|
Monthly child care allowance |
||||
|
Monthly child allowance |
||||
|
Lump-sum allowance for the pregnant wife of a conscripted military serviceman |
||||
|
Monthly allowance for a child of a serviceman undergoing military service on conscription |
||||
The following persons are entitled to state social security benefits:
- - citizens of the Russian Federation residing on the territory of the Russian Federation;
- - citizens of the Russian Federation undergoing military service under a contract, serving as private and commanding personnel in internal affairs bodies, in the State Fire Service, in institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, bodies for controlling turnover drugs and psychotropic substances, customs authorities, and civilian personnel military formations of the Russian Federation located in the territories foreign countries, in cases where the payment of these benefits is provided for international treaties RF;
- - foreign citizens and stateless persons permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation, as well as refugees.
Benefits are not awarded:
- - citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons whose children are fully supported by the state;
- - citizens of the Russian Federation, foreign citizens and stateless persons deprived of parental rights or limited in parental rights, with the exception of cases of appointment and payment of benefits for pregnancy and childbirth, lump sum a woman registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy, and a one-time allowance for the pregnant wife of a military conscript;
- - citizens of the Russian Federation who have traveled to permanent place residence outside the Russian Federation.
Right to maternity benefit. Within the framework of state social security, the following persons are entitled to this allowance:
- - women who are doing military service under the contract and serving in law enforcement agencies(in the internal affairs bodies, the State Fire Service, institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, customs authorities);
- - women studying full-time in vocational educational organizations, educational organizations higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations;
- - women dismissed in connection with the liquidation of organizations, termination individuals activities as individual entrepreneurs, the termination of powers by notaries engaged in private practice, and the termination of the status of a lawyer, as well as in connection with the termination of activities by other individuals whose professional activity subject to federal law state registration and (or) licensing, within 12 months preceding the day of their recognition in in due course the unemployed;
- - the categories of women listed above when they adopt a child (children).
The maternity allowance is paid to the listed categories of women for the same period as to insured women, but its amount depends on the category to which the woman belongs.
Military women and persons equated to them receive an allowance in the amount of monetary allowance.
For women who study part-time in vocational education institutions, the allowance is paid in the amount of the scholarship established by the educational organization, but not less than the amount of the scholarship determined by federal law.
Dismissed women receive benefits in a fixed amount (in 2016 - 581.73 rubles per month).
A one-time allowance for women registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy. The categories of women listed above are also entitled to this species benefits in addition to the pregnancy and childbirth allowance in the event that they are registered with medical organizations in the early stages of pregnancy (up to 12 weeks). This allowance also has a fixed amount (in 2016 - 581.73 rubles).
One-time allowance for the birth of a child. The right to this allowance within the framework of state social security has one of the parents or a person replacing him, who are not subject to compulsory social insurance in connection with maternity.
In the event of the birth of two or more children said allowance paid for each child. A one-time allowance for the birth of a child is paid from February 1, 2016 in the amount of 15,512.65 rubles.
A one-time allowance for the transfer of a child to be raised in a family. This allowance is similar in nature to the allowance for the birth of a child, since both types of allowances are intended to provide material support to a family in which a child or several children have appeared. However, the social purpose of this benefit is mainly to support children in difficult life situations, in connection with which its features will be discussed in paragraph 11.3.
Monthly allowance for child care (until the child reaches the age of one and a half years). The circle of recipients of this allowance is quite wide. First of all, it includes those categories of women who, within the framework of state social security, were entitled to benefits for pregnancy and childbirth, as well as persons actually caring for a child, including those dismissed during parental leave. The right to the allowance is also granted to fathers serving as private and commanding officers in internal affairs bodies and other law enforcement agencies. Fathers doing military service under a contract do not have such a right.
Arbitrage practice
In accordance with paragraph 13 of Art. 11 of the Federal Law of May 27, 1998 No. 76-FZ “On the Status of Military Personnel”, parental leave is granted only to female military personnel in the manner prescribed by federal laws and other regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. A similar position is fixed and. 5 sg. 32 Provisions on the order of passage military service. At the same time, during parental leave, the same paragraph provides for the preservation of a place of military service and a military position for a female military serviceman.
The right of a male soldier to take leave to care for a child until he reaches the age of three years is not provided for by the current legislation. Accordingly, it is not allowed for male military personnel serving under a contract to combine the performance of official duties and parental leave to raise young children, which, on the one hand, is due to the specifics legal status military personnel, and on the other hand, it is consistent with the constitutionally significant goals of restricting the rights and freedoms of man and citizen (part 3 of article 55 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation) in connection with the need to create conditions for the effective professional activity of military personnel performing their duty to protect the Fatherland.
Since military service, by virtue of the specific requirements imposed on it, excludes the possibility of mass non-performance by military personnel of their official duties without prejudice to public interests protected by law, the absence of the right of male military personnel serving under a contract to take leave to care for a child cannot be considered as a violation of their constitutional rights and freedoms, including the guaranteed Art. 38 (part 2) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the right to care for children and their upbringing. In addition, this restriction is consistent with the voluntary nature of the conclusion of a contract for military service.
By granting the right to parental leave as an exception only to female military personnel, the legislator proceeded, firstly, from the very limited participation of women in military service, and secondly, from the special social role of women in society associated with motherhood, which consistent with Art. 38 (part 1) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Therefore, such a decision of the legislator cannot be regarded as a violation of the provisions of Art. 19 (parts 2 and 3) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation principles of equality of rights and freedoms of man and citizen, as well as equality of men and women.
The benefit is paid either as a percentage of the person's income or as a fixed amount. minimum size depending on which category the beneficiaries belong to.
The right to a benefit in the amount of 40% of the average earnings (income, monetary allowance) at the place of work (service) for the last 12 calendar months preceding the month of parental leave (the month of dismissal during maternity leave), but not less than minimum fixed size, have:
- - mothers undergoing military service under a contract, mothers or fathers serving as members of the rank and file and commanding staff of the internal affairs bodies, the State fire service, employees of institutions and bodies of the penitentiary system, bodies for controlling the circulation of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, customs authorities and who are on parental leave;
- - mothers or fathers, other relatives, guardians, actually caring for the child, dismissed during the period of leave to care for the child, mothers dismissed during the period of maternity leave in connection with the liquidation of organizations, the termination by individuals of activities as individual entrepreneurs, termination of powers by notaries engaged in private practice and termination of the status of a lawyer, as well as in connection with the termination of activities by other individuals whose professional activities in accordance with federal laws are subject to state registration and (or) licensing, including those dismissed from organizations or military units located outside the Russian Federation, dismissed due to the expiration of their employment contract V military units located outside the Russian Federation, as well as mothers dismissed during parental leave, maternity leave in connection with the transfer of her husband from such units to the Russian Federation.
The following persons are entitled to a benefit in the minimum fixed amount (2908.62 rubles for the care of the first child and 5817.24 rubles for the care of the second child and subsequent children in 2016):
- - mothers dismissed during pregnancy in connection with the liquidation of organizations, the termination of activities by individuals as individual entrepreneurs, the termination of powers of notaries engaged in private practice, and the termination of the status of a lawyer, as well as in connection with the termination of activities by other individuals whose professional activities in in accordance with federal laws, is subject to state registration and (or) licensing, including those dismissed from organizations or military units located outside the Russian Federation, dismissed due to the expiration of their employment contract in military units located outside the Russian Federation, or in connection with the transfer of her husband from such units to the Russian Federation;
- - mothers or fathers, guardians who actually care for the child and are not subject to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood (including full-time students in professional educational organizations, educational organizations of higher education, educational organizations of additional professional education and scientific organizations);
- - other relatives who actually care for the child and are not subject to compulsory social insurance in case of temporary disability and in connection with motherhood.
Other relatives who actually care for the child and are not subject to compulsory social insurance acquire the right to a childcare allowance only under circumstances that make it impossible for the parents to care for the child: the mother and (or) father died, were declared dead, were deprived of parental rights , are limited in parental rights, recognized as missing, incompetent (limited incapacity), for health reasons cannot personally raise and support a child, are serving sentences in institutions executing punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, are in places of detention of suspects and accused of committing crimes, evade the upbringing of children or the protection of their nature and interests, or refused to take their child from educational institutions, medical organizations, institutions of social protection of the population and other similar institutions.
The right to a monthly child care allowance remains if the person on parental leave works part-time or at home, as well as in the case of continuing education.
Persons entitled to both the monthly child care allowance and the unemployment benefit are given the right to choose to receive the allowance on one of the grounds.
In the event of maternity leave while the mother is on parental leave, she is given the right to choose one of the two types of benefits paid during the periods of the respective holidays.
Mothers entitled to the maternity allowance, in the period after the birth of the child, are entitled to receive either the pregnancy and maternity allowance or the monthly allowance for the care of the child, offset by the previously paid maternity allowance, from the date of the birth of the child, if the amount of the benefit child care allowance is higher than the maternity allowance.
Individuals who are entitled to receive a monthly child care allowance on several grounds are given the right to choose to receive the allowance on one of the grounds.
If the child is cared for by several persons at the same time, the right to receive a monthly childcare allowance is granted to one of these persons.
A one-time allowance for the pregnant wife of a conscripted military serviceman. The wife of a military conscript who is at least 180 days pregnant is entitled to this allowance. The payment of this benefit does not depend on the right to other types of state benefits.
The wives of cadets of a military professional educational organization and a military educational organization of higher education are excluded from the number of recipients of this allowance. This exception is made, obviously, because the size material support cadets is comparable to the amount of the allowance, which from February 1, 2016 is 24,565.89 rubles.
Monthly allowance for the child of a military serviceman who is conscripted for military service. The circle of recipients of this allowance is wider than that of the lump-sum allowance. The following are eligible for this benefit:
- - the mother of a child of a military serviceman who is conscripted for military service;
- - the guardian of a child of a military serviceman who is doing military service on conscription, or another relative of such a child who actually takes care of him, if the mother has died, is declared dead, is deprived of parental rights, is limited in parental rights, is recognized as missing, incapacitated (limitedly capable ), but due to health reasons cannot personally bring up and support a child, is serving a sentence in institutions that carry out punishment in the form of deprivation of liberty, is in places of detention of suspects and accused of committing crimes, evades raising a child or protecting his rights and interests, or refused to take her child from educational institutions, medical organizations, institutions of social protection of the population and from other similar institutions.
If the child of a conscripted military serviceman is cared for simultaneously by several persons, the right to benefits is granted only to one of these persons.
As in the previous case, this benefit is paid regardless of the right to other types of state benefits. Also, for similar reasons, the right to the allowance was not granted to the mother, guardian or other relative of the child of a cadet of a military professional educational organization and a military educational organization of higher education, since the amount of the allowance from February 1, 2016 is 10,528.24 rubles.
The duration of the benefit payment is limited to several legal facts: the date of birth of the child, the dates of the beginning and end of military service by the father of the child on conscription, the date the child reaches the age of three years.
The allowance is paid to the mother of the child from the day the child is born, but not earlier than the day the father of the child begins military service by conscription. The payment of the allowance stops when the child reaches the age of three years, but no later than the day the father of such a child ends his military service but is called up.
To other persons entitled to receive this allowance, the allowance is paid from the day of the death of the mother of the child or from the date of the relevant decision (which entered into legal force court decisions, decisions of the body of guardianship and guardianship, conclusions medical organization), but not earlier than the day the father of the child began military service on conscription. The payment of the allowance is terminated when the child of a conscripted military serviceman reaches the age of three years, but no later than the day the father of such a child ends military service by conscription.
Monthly child allowance. This allowance was first introduced in our country for certain categories of citizens in 1944. The procedure for its financing, the rules for appointment and payment have changed several times.
Currently, monthly child benefits are paid from the budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation. The state authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation adopt regulatory legal acts that determine the amount of the allowance, the procedure for its appointment and payment.
According to the Federal State Statistics Service, in 2014, 5.303 million people received a monthly child allowance; the allowance was paid to 8.161 million children under the age of 16, which is 28.8% of the total number of children under the age of 16.
In total, 3,656,617 children under the age of 18 have the right to social support measures at the expense of the funds of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The list of monthly benefits established by the subjects of the Russian Federation differs in each specific subject. However, such lists are based on the principle of targeting, which implies the assignment of benefits depending on the degree of the family's need for material support.
The degree of family need is determined by a number of criteria.
The general criterion for assigning child benefits, used in the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, is the level of family income per each family member. The average per capita income of a family is correlated with the subsistence minimum in a constituent entity of the Federation, on the basis of which the family is recognized as low-income (low-income), which gives it the right to receive child benefits. Depending on the financial capabilities of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the critical level of family income can be defined as one or one and a half times the subsistence level in the subject of the Russian Federation.
The subsequent differentiation of the amount of child benefits in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation is carried out depending on other socially significant criteria: the age of the child, the state of health of the child and parents, the number of parents and children in the family, the relevance of the child's parents to the category of persons requiring social support (disabled people, students, military personnel and so on.).
Monthly allowances for a child are, as a rule, intended for: the purchase of goods for children (teenagers) and children's food; special dairy products.
Monthly allowance for a child in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation is provided in a non-cash form by transferring the appropriate amount to the plastic card of the parent (legal representative) and must be used before the expiration of the plastic card. Sale of children's goods and services using plastic cards carried out by organizations that have passed a special selection.
Other measures of social support for families with children provided for by federal legislation
Compensation of parental fees for childcare and childcare in preschool educational institutions. One of the measures of social support for families with children is the compensation of parental fees for the supervision and care of children in preschool educational institutions at the expense of budgetary funds. This measure is provided for in Art. 65 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation".
The network of preschool educational organizations has been taking shape in our country for decades and was formed from both state and departmental kindergartens. Currently, the system of preschool educational organizations consists of state, municipal and private kindergartens.
The stay of children in preschool educational organizations implies, from the point of view of the law, not only the implementation of educational programs preschool education but also the supervision and care of children. Despite the fact that in a significant part the costs of state and municipal preschool educational organizations are covered by the funds of the relevant budgets, for childcare and care the founder of the organization has the right to establish a fee charged from parents ( legal representatives) (the so-called parental fee), and its size. At the same time, state and municipal educational organizations are prohibited from including in the parental fee the costs of implementing the educational program of preschool education, as well as the costs of maintaining real estate.
The law also obliges in each subject of the Russian Federation to establish the maximum amount of parental payment for each municipality located on its territory, depending on the conditions of supervision and care of children.
Parental fees are not charged for the supervision and care of certain categories of children studying in state and municipal preschool educational organizations (children with disabilities, orphans and children left without parental care, as well as children with tuberculosis intoxication).
In order to financially support the upbringing and education of children attending preschool educational organizations, parents (legal representatives) are paid compensation for parental fees.
The amount of compensation is set as a percentage of the average parental fee for childcare in state and municipal educational institutions located on the territory of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation, and depends on the number of children in the family. The amount of compensation cannot be less than 20% of the amount of such payment for the first child, 50% - for the second child, 70% - for the third child and subsequent children. The specific amount of compensation, and the average size parental fees are established by the state authorities of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
The right to receive compensation has one of the parents (legal representatives) who paid the parental fee for the care and care of children in the relevant educational organization.
The procedure for applying for compensation and the procedure for its payment are also established by the state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
Financial support for this measure of social support is carried out at the expense of the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In the constituent entities of the Federation, the issues of compensation of parental fees for childcare and childcare in preschool educational institutions are regulated by regulatory legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which in some cases (if there are appropriate financial opportunities) can strengthen social support measures compared to federal legislation.
Thus, the list of children for the supervision and care of which the parental fee is not charged can be expanded (children whose both or only parent (legal representative) are disabled of group I or II; children whose one of the parents (legal representatives) is conscripts, etc.).
Compensation of a part of the parental fee at the expense of the budget of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation can also be provided in increased amounts to an extended circle of recipients (for each child from an incomplete family, from a family in which one of the parents is a disabled person of group I or II, etc.).
Maternal (family) capital. Since January 1, 2007, the Russian Federation introduced additional measures state support for families, having children designed to improve living conditions families with children, create conditions for children to receive education, as well as raise the level pension provision mothers raising two or more children. These measures are implemented at the expense of the so-called maternal, or family, capital - special funds federal budget transferred to the PFR budget.
The following persons are entitled to maternity capital:
a woman with citizenship of the Russian Federation who has given birth (adopted) a second or subsequent children since January 1, 2007;
a man with citizenship of the Russian Federation, who is the sole adopter of the second or subsequent children, if the court decision on adoption entered into force starting from January 1, 2007;
- - the father (adoptive parent) of the child, regardless of the citizenship of the Russian Federation, in the event of termination of the right to additional measures of state support for a woman who has given birth (adopted) children;
- - minor child(children in equal shares) or a full-time student until the child reaches the age of 23, upon termination of the rights of parents (adoptive parents).
The right to maternity capital is formalized by issuing a special nominal document - a state certificate. The certificate is issued in accordance with administrative regulations provision by the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation and its territorial bodies public service for the issuance of a state certificate for maternity (family) capital, approved by order of the Ministry of Labor of Russia dated October 29, 2012 No. 345n).
Statistical data
According to the PFR, but as of December 31, 2014, 5,645,997 certificates for maternity capital were issued in Russia.
A woman's right to family capital may be terminated in the event of her death, deprivation of parental rights and under certain other circumstances. In this case, the right to maternity capital arises from the father or adoptive parent of the child. If the father or man who is the sole adopter of the child, who has received the right to maternity capital, has died, been deprived of parental rights or otherwise lost the right to this capital, then such a right arises for the child (children in equal shares) who has not reached the age of majority, and (or ) for an adult child (children in equal shares) studying full-time in an educational organization (with the exception of an organization additional education) until the end of such training, but no longer than until they reach the age of 23 years.
The amount of maternity (family) capital in 2016 is 453,026 rubles.
Persons who received state certificate, may dispose of the funds of maternity (family) capital in full or in parts strictly in the following areas specified in the law:
- 1) improvement of living conditions;
- 2) receiving education by the child (children);
- 3) formation of the funded part of the labor pension for women who gave birth (adopted) the second, third and subsequent children starting from January 1, 2007;
- 4) purchase of goods and services intended for social adaptation and integration into society of children with disabilities.
The disposal of maternity capital funds is possible no earlier than three years after the birth (adoption) of the second, third child or subsequent children. The exception is cases when it is necessary to use funds (part of funds) of maternity (family) capital to pay an initial contribution and (or) repay the principal debt and pay interest on loans or loans for the purchase (construction) of residential premises, including mortgage loans. In these cases, the order maternity capital possible at any time from the date of birth (adoption) of the second, third child or subsequent children. The order is made by submitting to territorial authority PFR statement, which should indicate the directions for the use of this capital.
Other measures of social support for families with children provided for by the legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation
The legislation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation provides not only monthly child benefits, but also other measures of social support for families with children to cover part of the costs associated with the upbringing, education, nutrition of children, caring for them, etc.
Citizens of the Russian Federation who have a place of residence or stay in the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation have the right to social support in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation. At the same time, citizens who have a place of residence in one subject of the Russian Federation are provided with social support measures provided that similar measures of social support are not provided to them on the territory of another subject of the Russian Federation in which they are registered at the place of residence.
Other persons may also receive certain measures of social support in cases expressly provided for by the legislation of the subject of the Federation.
Social support families with children at the level of constituent entities of the Russian Federation is characterized, as a rule, by targeting and targeted nature, which is due to the limited budgetary funds of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
Targeting measures of social support lies in the fact that these measures are aimed not only and not so much at supporting all recipients, but at certain categories that are in particular need of such support. These include, for example, low-income, large families, single-parent families, families of military personnel, etc.
target character measures of social support is manifested in the indication of the purpose of the payment and in the fact that the transfer Money in some cases, it is carried out to a special bank card intended for the purchase of children's goods in certain trade organizations.
Measures of social support at the level of subjects can be characterized by great diversity, since the targeting and targeted nature of these measures allow for their deeper differentiation.
Some of these measures are of a general nature and are aimed at maintaining and preserving the health of the mother and child, compensating the family's expenses associated with the birth of a child.
This group includes:
- measures of social support for pregnant women and nursing mothers;
- compensation payments for the purchase of children's assortment items and baby food at the birth of a child, for a child of a certain age, for children with health problems;
- payments to women who entered the medical register for pregnancy in a health care institution in the early stages.
You can also highlight measures aimed at stimulating the birth rate and supporting large families:
- maternal (family) capital in a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, stimulating the appearance of a third child in the family;
- monthly payments to families at the birth of a third or subsequent children;
- various compensation payments to large families (mothers), differentiated in some cases depending on the number of children;
- various benefits for large families (priority admission to preschool educational organizations of children from large families; priority inclusion of large families in targeted programs for improving housing conditions; free visits to cultural institutions run by a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, etc.).
In addition to families with many children, social support measures have been established for some other families with a low level of income (student families, families of public sector workers, families of military personnel, single-parent families, etc.).
You can also highlight the measures of social support for children in education, in the field of recreation and health improvement (compensation for food expenses; social scholarships; preferential travel on transport; payment of part or full cost of vouchers in the organization of recreation and rehabilitation of children and youth, etc.). See, for example: Law of St. Petersburg dated November 22, 2011 No. 728-132 “Social Code of St. Petersburg”; Law of the Yaroslavl Region dated December 19, 2008 No. 65-z “Social Code of the Yaroslavl Region”; Law of the Belgorod Region dated December 28, 2004 No. 165 "Social Code of the Belgorod Region"; Law of the city of Moscow dated 03.11.2004 No. 67 "On the monthly allowance for a child"; Law of the Omsk Region dated July 4, 2008 No. 1061-03 “Code of the Omsk Region on social protection certain categories citizens, etc.
December 12, 2019 , The list of subjects of the Federation has been approved, in which in 2020 expenditure obligations to support families in connection with the birth of a third child or subsequent children will be co-financed Order dated December 10, 2019 No. 2968-r. It will allow regions with an unfavorable demographic situation to continue in 2020 to support families with the birth of a third child or subsequent children, aimed at creating conditions for increasing the birth rate.
January 29, 2019 , Social support for families with children On the submission to the State Duma of a bill on clarifying the conditions for providing citizens with monthly payments in connection with the birth or adoption of the first and second child Order dated January 28, 2019 No. 87-r. In order to bring the Federal Law “On Monthly Payments to Families with Children” into line with Civil Code the draft law proposes to clarify that the application for appointment monthly payment in connection with the birth or adoption of the first and second child, may be filed by a citizen not only at the place of residence, but also at the place of his stay or actual residence on Russian territory.
December 28, 2018 , Social support for families with children The President of Russia signed the Federal Law aimed at supporting families in connection with the birth or adoption of their first child Federal Law of December 27, 2018 No. 568-FZ. The federal law establishes that no fees are charged for banking services for operations with funds provided for a monthly payment in connection with the birth or adoption of the first child.
November 9, 2018 , Social support for families with children About official recall Governments on a bill aimed at supporting families in connection with the birth or adoption of the first child The draft law proposes to supplement the Federal Law “On Monthly Payments to Families with Children” with a provision stating that no fees are charged for banking services for operations with funds provided for the implementation of a monthly payment in connection with the birth or adoption of the first child. The government of the Russian Federation supports the bill.
October 11, 2018 , Labor relations. Social partnership in the sphere of labor The President of Russia signed the Federal Law on changes in the procedure for granting leave to citizens with three or more children Federal Law of October 11, 2018 No. 360-FZ. The federal law amends Labor Code providing for the provision of employees with three or more children under the age of twelve years with annual paid leave at their request at a convenient time for them.
August 27, 2018 , State program "Social support of citizens" On approval of the list of subjects of the Federation in which in 2019 expenditure obligations to support families in connection with the birth of a third child or subsequent children will be co-financed Order dated August 24, 2018 No. 1747-r. It will allow regions with an unfavorable demographic situation to continue in 2019 to support families with the birth of a third child or subsequent children, aimed at creating conditions for increasing the birth rate.
August 14, 2018 , Housing policy, housing market On the use of social payments to participate in shared construction Decree of August 14, 2018 No. 940. For the participation of citizens in shared housing construction, it is allowed to use social payments to which these citizens are entitled.
January 10, 2018 , Population policy On subsidizing the interest rate on mortgage loans for families with children Decree of December 30, 2017 No. 1711. In order to stimulate the issuance of loans at a rate below the market level, the rules for granting subsidies to credit institutions and the Agency for Housing Mortgage Lending JSC to compensate for lost income on mortgage loans provided to citizens with children have been approved. The rules provide for subsidizing the rate up to 6% for three or five years at birth from January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2022, respectively, of the second or third child from borrowers who take out a loan or refinance an existing loan for the purchase of housing in the primary market. This will make it possible to issue up to 600 billion rubles of housing loans at a reduced interest rate to citizens who have given birth to their second and third children.
November 27, 2017 , Social support for families with children On approval of the list of subjects of the Federation in which in 2018 expenditure obligations to support families in connection with the birth of a third child or subsequent children will be co-financed Order dated November 18, 2017 No. 2565-r. It will allow regions with an unfavorable demographic situation in 2018 to continue supporting families with the birth of a third child or subsequent children, aimed at creating conditions for increasing the birth rate.
October 9, 2017 , Social support for families with children On additional subsidies for monthly cash payments to families in need of support in connection with the birth of a third child or subsequent children Order dated October 6, 2017 No. 2184-r. Additional subsidies were distributed to 25 constituent entities of the Federation in the amount of 526.3 million rubles to co-finance expenditure obligations arising from the establishment of monthly payments to families in need of support. cash payment in the event of the birth of a third child or subsequent children.
1